The main challenges faced by magnesium-sulfur (Mg–S) batteries are the polysulfide shuttle effect and slow kinetics of S cathode, causing the severe self-discharge behavior and rapid capacity decay. Herein, we elaborately design a MoO-loaded activated carbon cloth (denoted as MoO@ACC) functional interlayer to realize high-performance Mg–S batteries. The ACC possesses a remarkable adsorption effect, which can effectively mitigate the polysulfide shuttle effect and enable the Mg–S batteries with a high voltage plateau. Besides, the MoO can observably reduce the polarization during charge/discharge process attributed by the fast reaction kinetics due to the catalytic effect. The Mg–S battery with this MoO@ACC interlayer achieves a high energy density and good capacity retention (80.3 %) after 100 cycles (0.5 C) and effectively mitigates the Mg–S battery's self-discharge as well. This work illustrates the significant role of the interlayer with both adsorption and catalytic functions to boost the usability of the Mg–S batteries.

中文翻译：

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用于高倍率镁硫电池的MoO2催化剂活性炭布双功能夹层

镁硫（Mg-S）电池面临的主要挑战是多硫化物穿梭效应和S正极的缓慢动力学，导致严重的自放电行为和快速的容量衰减。在此，我们精心设计了一种负载MoO的活性炭布（表示为MoO@ACC）功能中间层，以实现高性能的Mg-S电池。 ACC具有显着的吸附效果，可以有效减轻多硫化物穿梭效应，使Mg-S电池具有高电压平台。此外，由于催化作用，MoO可以显着降低充电/放电过程中的快速反应动力学所导致的极化。具有MoO@ACC中间层的Mg-S电池在100次循环（0.5 C）后实现了高能量密度和良好的容量保持率（80.3％），并有效减轻了Mg-S电池的自放电。这项工作说明了具有吸附和催化功能的中间层在提高镁硫电池可用性方面的重要作用。