In this work, we demonstrate a facile, rational and novel strategy to assemble micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) via employing laser-induced graphene (LIG) microelectrodes and sodium alginate/polyacrylamide hydrogel electrolytes soaked in sulfuric acid solution (SA/PAAM-HSO). The microelectrodes are conductive graphene materials with porous structure that use laser direct writing technology to carbonize insulating polyimide (PI) sheets. The importance of good wetting of the electrode material by the electrolyte on the performance of the device is explained. There is good compatibility and interfacial contact between electrode and electrolyte. Impressively, the SA/PAAM-HSO hydrogel electrolyte with high ionic conductivity (574.7 mS cm) also exhibit good water retention capability and performs normally even after 60 h of exposure to air. The capacitance of LIG-MSCs based on SA/PAAM-HSO hydrogel is comparable to that of PVA/HSO hydrogel. The LIG-MSCs exhibit high areal capacitance of 7.12 mF cm and outstanding cycling stability. Moreover, our LIG-MSCs displays excellent mechanical flexibility and stable performance, the capacitance is almost unaffected even in highly bent states and during continuously hammering. Furthermore, the LIG-MSCs can be arbitrarily connected in series and in parallel without the requirement of metal-based interconnects for high-voltage and high-capacitance output. Our design strategy aims to provide new insights for the development of flexible MSCs.

中文翻译：

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由激光诱导石墨烯电极和水凝胶电解质组装而成的高性能微型超级电容器，具有优异的界面润湿性，可实现高电容

在这项工作中，我们展示了一种简单、合理且新颖的策略，通过采用激光诱导石墨烯（LIG）微电极和浸泡在硫酸溶液（SA/PAAM-HSO）中的海藻酸钠/聚丙烯酰胺水凝胶电解质来组装微型超级电容器（MSC） 。微电极是具有多孔结构的导电石墨烯材料，采用激光直写技术对绝缘聚酰亚胺（PI）片进行碳化。解释了电解质对电极材料的良好润湿对器件性能的重要性。电极与电解液之间具有良好的相容性和界面接触。令人印象深刻的是，具有高离子电导率（574.7 mS cm）的SA/PAAM-HSO水凝胶电解质还表现出良好的保水能力，即使暴露在空气中60小时后仍能正常工作。基于SA/PAAM-HSO水凝胶的LIG-MSCs的电容与PVA/HSO水凝胶的电容相当。 LIG-MSC 具有 7.12 mF cm 的高面积电容和出色的循环稳定性。此外，我们的LIG-MSC表现出优异的机械灵活性和稳定的性能，即使在高度弯曲状态和连续锤击过程中，电容也几乎不受影响。此外，LIG-MSC可以任意串联和并联连接，不需要金属互连来实现高电压和高电容输出。我们的设计策略旨在为柔性间充质干细胞的开发提供新的见解。