Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) was launched in 2009 to study and map the Moon and is now completing its fifth extended science mission. The LRO (see Figure 1 ) hosts a payload of seven different scientific instruments. The Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation instrument has characterized the lunar radiation environment and allowed scientists to determine potential impacts to astronauts and other life. The Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment (DLRE) has identified cold traps where ice could reside and mapped global thermophysical and mineralogical properties by measuring surface and subsurface temperatures. The Lyman Alpha Mapping Project has found evidence of exposed ice in south polar cold traps as well as global diurnal variations in hydration. The Lunar Exploration Neutron Detector has been used to create high-resolution maps of lunar hydrogen distribution and gather information about the neutron component of the lunar radiation environment. The Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera (LROC) is a system of three cameras [one wide-angle camera and two narrow-angle cameras (NACs)] mounted on the LRO that capture high-resolution black-and-white images and moderate resolution multispectral (seven-color band) images of the lunar surface. These images can be used, for example, to learn new details about the history of lunar volcanism or the present-day flux of impactors. The Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) instrument is an advanced synthetic aperture radar (SAR) that can probe surface and subsurface coherent rock contents to identify the polarization signature of ice in cold traps. The Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA) has been used to generate a high-resolution, 3D map of the Moon that serves as the most accurate geodetic framework available for co-locating LRO (and other lunar) data. The data produced by the LRO continue to revolutionize our scientific understanding of the Moon, and are essential to planning NASA’s future human and robotic lunar missions.

中文翻译：

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美国宇航局月球勘测轨道飞行器的快速姿态机动：使用伯克霍夫伪谱理论和哈密顿编程的姿态制导的实际飞行应用

月球勘测轨道飞行器 (LRO) 于 2009 年发射，旨在研究和绘制月球地图，目前正在完成其第五次扩展科学任务。月球勘测轨道飞行器（参见图1 ）承载七种不同科学仪器的有效载荷。用于辐射影响的宇宙射线望远镜描述了月球辐射环境的特征，使科学家能够确定对宇航员和其他生命的潜在影响。占卜者月球辐射计实验（DLRE）已经确定了冰可能存在的冷阱，并通过测量地表和地下温度绘制了全球热物理和矿物学特性。莱曼阿尔法测绘项目发现了南极冷阱中暴露的冰以及全球水合作用的昼夜变化的证据。月球探测中子探测器已用于创建月球氢分布的高分辨率地图并收集有关月球辐射环境中子成分的信息。月球勘测轨道飞行器相机 (LROC) 是安装在 LRO 上的三台相机 [一台广角相机和两台窄角相机 (NAC)] 的系统，可捕获高分辨率黑白图像和中等分辨率多光谱图像（七色带）月球表面的图像。例如，这些图像可用于了解有关月球火山活动历史或当今撞击物流量的新细节。微型射频 (Mini-RF) 仪器是一种先进的合成孔径雷达 (SAR)，可以探测地表和地下相干岩石内容，以识别冷阱中冰的偏振特征。月球轨道飞行器激光高度计 (LOLA) 已用于生成高分辨率的 3D 月球地图，该地图可作为最准确的大地测量框架，用于协同定位 LRO（和其他月球）数据。 LRO 产生的数据继续彻底改变我们对月球的科学认识，对于规划 NASA 未来的载人和机器人登月任务至关重要。