The emergence of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes necessitates the exploration and validation of sustainable biological strategies for controlling mosquitoes in their natural habitats. We assessed the predatory effect of Utricularia aurea Lour (Lamiales: Lentibulariaceae), an aquatic carnivorous plant found in the Indian subcontinent, Japan, and Australia, on 4 instars of Anopheles stephensi Liston, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and Aedes aegypti Linn (Diptera: Culicidae), in the laboratory and field settings. In the laboratory setting, predation of larvae by U. aurea was highest during the first hour when it predated 45%, 61%, and 58% of first instars of An. stephensi, Cx. quinquefasciatus, and, Ae. aegypti, respectively, and, within 12 h, U. aurea preyed upon ~95% of the first, second, and third instars of the 3 mosquito species, ~80% of the fourth instars of An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti, and ~60% of fourth instars of Cx. quinquefasciatus. The predatory effect of U. aurea varied with mosquito species and instar. Broadly, predation risk declined with the increase of the instar size. In the field setting, at the end of 16 days, U. aurea predated 76% and 71% of the immature An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti, respectively. Our findings suggest U. aurea can be utilized as a potential biocontrol agent for controlling mosquito larvae in natural habitats; however, the current claim warrants additional investigations in a variety of natural habitats.

中文翻译：

---

评估金黄色狸藻（唇形目：扁豆科）对斯氏按蚊、致倦库蚊和埃及伊蚊（双翅目：蚊科）幼虫阶段的食肉功效

蚊子对杀虫剂产生抗药性的出现使得必须探索和验证可持续的生物策略来控制自然栖息地的蚊子。我们评估了 Utricularia aurea Lour（唇形目：扁豆科）（一种在印度次大陆、日本和澳大利亚发现的水生肉食植物）对史氏按蚊、致倦库蚊和埃及伊蚊（双翅目：蚊科） 4 龄的捕食效果。 ），在实验室和现场设置。在实验室环境中，U. aurea 对幼虫的捕食在第一个小时内最高，当时它捕食了 45%、61% 和 58% 的按蚊一龄虫。斯蒂芬西，Cx. quinquefasciatus，和，Ae。埃及伊蚊分别捕食，在 12 小时内，金黄色蚊分别捕食 3 种蚊子的约 95% 的第一、第二和第三龄虫，以及埃及蚊第四龄虫的约 80%。史蒂芬西和Ae.埃及伊蚊和约 60% 的 Cx 第四龄虫。致倦五线虫。金黄色 U. aurea 的捕食效果因蚊子种类和龄期而异。一般来说，捕食风险随着龄期大小的增加而下降。在田间环境中，16 天结束时，金黄色 U. aurea 早于 76% 和 71% 的未成熟按蚊。史蒂芬西和Ae.分别是埃及伊蚊。我们的研究结果表明，金黄色葡萄球菌可以用作潜在的生物防治剂，用于控制自然栖息地的蚊子幼虫；然而，目前的主张需要在各种自然栖息地进行更多调查。