This paper presents an updated wilderness quality map, WQI 2.0, for Europe, which extends the existing map (WQI 1.0) to include non-EU states in Eastern Europe. The analysis utilizes the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform and incorporates contemporary datasets to assess wilderness quality across the continent. WQI 2.0 is compared to the previous version from the EU Wilderness register and global data from the WCS Human Influence Index (HII). Results indicate a high level of consistency between the versions, validating the robustness of the approach and the value of up-to-date datasets. WQI 2.0 serves as a valuable tool for developing a coordinated European policy on wilderness protection, encompassing both EU and non-EU states. By identifying areas outside current protected boundaries, the map helps to identify regions at risk of degradation and loss, due to resource exploitation. While small changes are seen between WQI 1.0 and WQI 2.0, expanding the coverage over the whole of continental Europe provides a foundation for the longer-term monitoring and evaluation of conservation targets. The findings contribute to meeting international commitments, such as the COP15 Kunming–Montreal Agreement and CBD targets, by highlighting the importance of preserving intact wilderness areas and increasing protected areas through restoration and rewilding efforts. Future iterations, such as WQI 3.0+, can track trends and potential threats to wilderness areas, while also identifying opportunities for ecosystem recovery through restoration and rewilding. To ensure comprehensive coverage, there is a need to update the existing Wilderness Register 1.0 and expand its scope to include non-EU states. This can be facilitated through collaboration with national WQI mapping programs, building on the experiences of countries such as Scotland, France, Iceland, and Germany, which have well-established national mapping initiatives. Overall, WQI 2.0 and the proposed updates provide valuable tools for informed decision-making in wilderness conservation and restoration efforts across Europe.

中文翻译：

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制定欧洲大陆荒野质量指数

本文介绍了欧洲更新的荒野质量地图 WQI 2.0，它将现有地图 (WQI 1.0) 扩展至包括东欧的非欧盟国家。该分析利用谷歌地球引擎（GEE）云平台并结合当代数据集来评估整个大陆的荒野质量。 WQI 2.0 与欧盟荒野登记册的先前版本以及 WCS 人类影响指数 (HII) 的全球数据进行了比较。结果表明版本之间具有高度一致性，验证了该方法的稳健性和最新数据集的价值。 WQI 2.0 是制定涵盖欧盟和非欧盟国家的欧洲协调荒野保护政策的宝贵工具。通过识别当前保护边界之外的区域，该地图有助于识别因资源开发而面临退化和损失风险的区域。虽然WQI 1.0和WQI 2.0之间存在微小变化，但扩大整个欧洲大陆的覆盖范围为保护目标的长期监测和评估奠定了基础。研究结果强调了保护完整的荒野地区和通过恢复和野化工作增加保护区的重要性，有助于履行国际承诺，例如 COP15 昆明-蒙特利尔协议和 CBD 目标。未来的迭代，例如 WQI 3.0+，可以跟踪荒野地区的趋势和潜在威胁，同时还可以通过恢复和野化来确定生态系统恢复的机会。为确保全面覆盖，有必要更新现有的荒野登记册1.0，并将其范围扩大到包括非欧盟国家。这可以通过与国家 WQI 制图项目合作来促进，借鉴苏格兰、法国、冰岛和德国等国家的经验，这些国家已经制定了完善的国家制图计划。总体而言，WQI 2.0 和拟议的更新为整个欧洲荒野保护和恢复工作的明智决策提供了宝贵的工具。