As the world population ages, there will be an increasing need for effective therapies for aging‐associated neurodegenerative disorders, which remain untreatable. Dementia due to Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the leading neurological diseases in the aging population. Current therapeutic approaches to treat this disorder are solely symptomatic, making the need for new molecular entities acting on the causes of the disease extremely urgent. One of the potential solutions is to use compounds that are already in the market. The structures have known pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicity profiles, and patient data available in several countries. Several drugs have been used successfully to treat diseases different from their original purposes, such as autoimmunity and peripheral inflammation. Herein, we divulge the repurposing of drugs in the area of neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on the therapeutic potential of antineoplastics to treat dementia due to AD and dementia. We briefly touch upon the shared pathological mechanism between AD and cancer and drug repurposing strategies, with a focus on artificial intelligence. Next, we bring out the current status of research on the development of drugs, provide supporting evidence from retrospective, clinical, and preclinical studies on antineoplastic use, and bring in new areas, such as repurposing drugs for the prion‐like spreading of pathologies in treating AD.

中文翻译：

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治疗阿尔茨海默病和痴呆症的抗肿瘤药物：来自临床前和观察研究的证据

随着世界人口老龄化，对与衰老相关的神经退行性疾病（目前仍无法治愈）的有效疗法的需求将不断增加。阿尔茨海默氏病（AD）引起的痴呆是老龄化人口中主要的神经系统疾病之一。目前治疗这种疾病的方法仅针对症状，因此迫切需要针对该疾病病因发挥作用的新分子实体。潜在的解决方案之一是使用市场上已有的化合物。这些结构具有已知的药代动力学、药效学、毒性特征以及多个国家提供的患者数据。多种药物已成功用于治疗与其最初目的不同的疾病，例如自身免疫和周围炎症。在此，我们揭示了神经退行性疾病领域药物的重新利用，重点关注抗肿瘤药物治疗 AD 引起的痴呆和痴呆的治疗潜力。我们简要讨论了 AD 和癌症之间共同的病理机制以及药物再利用策略，重点是人工智能。接下来，我们介绍了药物开发的研究现状，提供了抗肿瘤药物使用的回顾性、临床和临床前研究的支持证据，并引入了新的领域，例如重新利用药物来治疗疾病中的朊病毒样传播。治疗AD。