This short review presents the latest advances in the field of electrochemical biosensors, focusing particularly on impedimetric biosensors for the direct measurement of analytes. As a source of study we have chosen to describe these advances in the latest global health crisis originated from the COVID-19 pandemic, initiated by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In this period, the necessity for swift and precise detection methods has grown rapidly due to an imminent need for the development of an analytical method to identify and isolate infected patients as an attempt to control the spreading of the disease. Traditional approaches such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were extensively used during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, but their drawbacks, including slow response time, became evident. In this context, the potential of electrochemical biosensors as an alternative for COVID-19 detection was emphasized. These biosensors merge electrochemical technology with bioreceptors, offering benefits such as rapidity, accuracy, portability, and real-time result provision. Additionally, we present instances of electrochemical biosensors modified with conductive polymers, eliminating the necessity for an electrochemical probe. The adaptability of the developed materials and devices facilitated the prompt production of electrochemical biosensors during the pandemic, creating opportunities for broader applications in infectious disease diagnosis.

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用于 COVID-19 检测的电化学生物传感器概述

这篇简短的综述介绍了电化学生物传感器领域的最新进展，特别关注用于直接测量分析物的阻抗生物传感器。作为研究来源，我们选择描述由 SARS-CoV-2 病毒引发的 COVID-19 大流行引发的最新全球健康危机中的这些进展。在此期间，由于迫切需要开发一种分析方法来识别和隔离感染患者，以控制疾病的传播，因此对快速、精确的检测方法的需求迅速增长。酶联免疫吸附测定 (ELISA) 等传统方法在 SARS-CoV-2 大流行期间被广泛使用，但其反应时间慢等缺点也变得明显。在这种背景下，强调了电化学生物传感器作为 COVID-19 检测替代方案的潜力。这些生物传感器将电化学技术与生物受体相结合，具有快速、准确、便携和实时结果提供等优点。此外，我们还介绍了用导电聚合物修饰的电化学生物传感器的实例，从而消除了对电化学探针的需要。所开发的材料和设备的适应性促进了电化学生物传感器在大流行期间的迅速生产，为传染病诊断中更广泛的应用创造了机会。