Conventional biological experiments often focus on in vitro assays because of the inherent limitations when handling multiple variables in vivo, including labor-intensive and time-consuming procedures. Often only a subset of samples demonstrating significant efficacy in the in vitro assays can be evaluated in vivo. Nonetheless, because of the low correlation between the in vitro and in vivo tests, evaluation of the variables under examination in vivo and not solely in vitro is critical. An emerging approach to achieve high-throughput in vivo tests involves using a barcode system consisting of various nucleotide combinations. Unique barcodes for each variant enable the simultaneous testing of multiple entities, eliminating the need for separate individual tests. Subsequently, to identify crucial parameters, samples were collected and analyzed using barcode sequencing. This review explores the development of barcode design and its applications, including the evaluation of nucleic acid delivery systems and the optimization of gene expression in vivo.

中文翻译：

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通过条形码技术优化核酸输送系统

传统的生物实验通常侧重于体外测定，因为在体内处理多个变量时存在固有的局限性，包括劳动密集型和耗时的程序。通常，只有在体外测定中表现出显着功效的样品子集可以在体内进行评估。尽管如此，由于体外和体内测试之间的相关性较低，对体内检查的变量进行评估而不仅仅是在体外是至关重要的。实现高通量体内测试的新兴方法涉及使用由各种核苷酸组合组成的条形码系统。每个变体都有独特的条形码，可以同时测试多个实体，从而无需单独进行单独测试。随后，为了确定关键参数，收集样本并使用条形码测序进行分析。本综述探讨了条形码设计的发展及其应用，包括核酸递送系统的评估和体内基因表达的优化。