How microbial communities respond to wastewater fluctuations is poorly understood. Full-scale surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs) were constructed for investigating microbial communities. Results showed that influent wastewater changed sediment bacterial community composition seasonally, indicating that a single bacterial taxonomic group had low resistance (especially, Actinobacteriota and Gammaproteobacteria). However, copy numbers of 16S rRNA, ammonia oxidizing archaea, ammonia oxidizing bacteria, and in the first stage SFCWs were 2.49 × 10, 3.48 × 10, 5.76 × 10, 8.77 × 10 and 9.06 × 10 g dry sediment, respectively, which remained stable between seasons. Moreover, decreases in the nitrogen concentration in wastewater, changed microbial system state from heterotrophic to autotrophic. Micro-eukaryotic communities were more sensitive to wastewater fluctuations than bacterial communities. Overall, results revealed that microbial communities responded to spatio-temporal fluctuations in wastewater through state changes and species asynchrony. This highlighted complex processes of wastewater treatment by microbial components in SFCWs.

中文翻译：

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全尺寸人工湿地中细菌和微型真核生物群落对废水时空波动的响应

人们对微生物群落如何应对废水波动知之甚少。建造全尺寸表面流人工湿地（SFCW）是为了研究微生物群落。结果表明，进水废水沉积物细菌群落组成发生季节性变化，表明单一细菌分类群的抵抗力较低（尤其是放线菌门和γ变形菌门）。然而，16S rRNA、氨氧化古菌、氨氧化细菌和第一阶段SFCW的拷贝数分别为2.49×10、3.48×10、5.76×10、8.77×10和9.06×10 g干沉积物，季节之间稳定。此外，废水中氮浓度的降低，使微生物系统状态从异养变为自养。微型真核生物群落比细菌群落对废水波动更敏感。总体而言，结果表明微生物群落通过状态变化和物种异步来响应废水的时空波动。这凸显了 SFCW 中微生物成分处理废水的复杂过程。