Higher intakes of individual antioxidants such as vitamins A, C, and E have been linked to mortality in the general population, but the association of overall antioxidant intake with mortality especially in depressed adults remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether the dietary overall antioxidant intake is associated with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among depressed adults. This study included 3051 US adults with depression, who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2005 to 2018. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was used to define depression and evaluate depression severity. The dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS) and dietary antioxidant index (DAI) were calculated based on the intakes of vitamins A, C, and E, zinc, selenium, and magnesium. A higher DAQS and DAI were significantly associated with lower depression scores (PHQ-9) (all P-trend < 0.05). For individual antioxidants, significant negative associations of vitamins A and E with all-cause mortality were observed. For overall antioxidant intake, the DAQS and DAI were inversely associated with all-cause and cancer mortality. Compared with participants in the lowest categories of DAQS and DAI, the corresponding HRs (95% CIs) in the highest categories were 0.63 (0.42–0.93) and 0.70 (0.49–0.98) for all-cause mortality and 0.39 (0.17–0.87) and 0.43 (0.21–0.88) for cancer mortality, respectively. The overall dietary antioxidant intake was beneficially associated with all-cause and cancer mortality in depressed adults. These findings suggest that comprehensive dietary antioxidant intake may improve depressive symptoms and lower mortality risk among adults with depression.

中文翻译：

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膳食总抗氧化剂摄入量与成人抑郁症患者全因和特定原因死亡率的关联：来自 NHANES 2005-2018 的证据

维生素 A、C 和 E 等单一抗氧化剂的摄入量较高与普通人群的死亡率有关，但总体抗氧化剂摄入量与死亡率（尤其是抑郁症成年人）的死亡率之间的关系仍不清楚。我们的目的是调查膳食中抗氧化剂的总体摄入量是否与抑郁症成人的全因和特定原因死亡率相关。这项研究纳入了 3051 名患有抑郁症的美国成年人，他们于 2005 年至 2018 年参加了国家健康和营养检查调查 (NHANES)。患者健康问卷 9 (PHQ-9) 用于定义抑郁症并评估抑郁症的严重程度。根据维生素 A、C、E、锌、硒和镁的摄入量计算膳食抗氧化质量评分 (DAQS) 和膳食抗氧化指数 (DAI)。较高的 DAQS 和 DAI 与较低的抑郁评分 (PHQ-9) 显着相关（所有P趋势 < 0.05）。对于个别抗氧化剂，观察到维生素 A 和 E 与全因死亡率呈显着负相关。对于总体抗氧化剂摄入量，DAQS 和 DAI 与全因死亡率和癌症死亡率呈负相关。与 DAQS 和 DAI 最低类别的参与者相比，最高类别的相应 HR (95% CI) 为 0.63 (0.42–0.93) 和 0.70 (0.49–0.98)，全因死亡率为 0.39 (0.17–0.87)癌症死亡率分别为 0.43 (0.21–0.88)。膳食抗氧化剂的总体摄入量与抑郁成人的全因死亡率和癌症死亡率有益相关。这些发现表明，全面的膳食抗氧化剂摄入量可以改善抑郁症成人的抑郁症状并降低死亡风险。