The integration of untargeted lipidomics approaches in ecotoxicology has emerged as a strategy to enhance the comprehensiveness of environmental risk assessment. Although current toxicity tests with soil microarthropods focus on species performance, that is, growth, reproduction, and survival, understanding the mechanisms of toxicity across all levels of biological organization, from molecule to community is essential for informed decision‐making. Our study focused on the impacts of sublethal concentrations of the insecticide teflubenzuron on the springtail Folsomia candida. Untargeted lipidomics was applied to link changes in growth, reproduction, and the overall stress response with lipid profile changes over various exposure durations. The accumulation of teflubenzuron in organisms exposed to the highest test concentration (0.035 mg a.s. kg–1 soil dry wt) significantly impacted reproductive output without compromising growth. The results suggested a resource allocation shift from reproduction to size maintenance. This hypothesis was supported by lipid shifts on day 7, at which point reductions in triacylglycerol and diacylglycerol content corresponded with decreased offspring production on day 21. The hypermetabolism of fatty acids and N‐acylethanolamines on days 2 and 7 of exposure indicated oxidative stress and inflammation in the animals in response to teflubenzuron bioaccumulation, as measured using high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Overall, the changes in lipid profiles in comparison with phenotypic adverse outcomes highlight the potential of lipid analysis as an early‐warning tool for reproductive disturbances caused by pesticides in F. candida. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1–12. © 2024 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

中文翻译：

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探索接触氟苯脲随时间推移的念珠菌脂质谱变化、生长和繁殖之间的关系

将非靶向脂质组学方法整合到生态毒理学中已成为增强环境风险评估全面性的策略。尽管目前土壤微型节肢动物的毒性测试侧重于物种性能，即生长、繁殖和生存，但了解从分子到群落的所有生物组织层面的毒性机制对于做出明智的决策至关重要。我们的研究重点是杀虫剂氟苯脲的亚致死浓度对跳虫的影响念珠菌。应用非靶向脂质组学将生长、繁殖和总体应激反应的变化与不同暴露持续时间内的脂质谱变化联系起来。暴露于最高测试浓度（0.035 mg as kg）的生物体中氟苯脲的累积量–1土壤干重）在不影响生长的情况下显着影响繁殖产量。结果表明，资源分配从繁殖转向规模维持。这一假设得到了第 7 天脂质变化的支持，此时三酰甘油和二酰甘油含量的减少与第 21 天后代产量的减少相对应。氮使用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测量，暴露第 2 天和第 7 天的酰基乙醇胺表明，动物体内因氟苯脲生物累积而产生氧化应激和炎症。总体而言，与表型不良结果相比，脂质谱的变化凸显了脂质分析作为农药引起的生殖干扰早期预警工具的潜力。念珠菌。环境毒理化学2024；00：1–12。 © 2024 作者。环境毒理学和化学由 Wiley periodicals LLC 代表 SETAC 出版。