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Operando Optical Microscopy of Dead Lithium Growth in Anode-Less Configuration
Advanced Materials Technologies ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 , DOI: 10.1002/admt.202301902 Martina Romio 1 , Jürgen Kahr 1 , Ermanno Miele 2 , Martin Krammer 3 , Yuri Surace 1 , Buket Boz 1 , Palanivel Molaiyan 1 , Theodoros Dimopoulos 3 , Michel Armand 4 , Andrea Paolella 5
Advanced Materials Technologies ( IF 6.4 ) Pub Date : 2024-03-21 , DOI: 10.1002/admt.202301902 Martina Romio 1 , Jürgen Kahr 1 , Ermanno Miele 2 , Martin Krammer 3 , Yuri Surace 1 , Buket Boz 1 , Palanivel Molaiyan 1 , Theodoros Dimopoulos 3 , Michel Armand 4 , Andrea Paolella 5
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There is an increasing demand to improve battery safety and performance as part of the global push to convert the small electronics and transportation sector to infrastructures based on electricity. This work follows the deposition of lithium metal in anode-less conditions by an operando optical microscope using a transparent indium tin oxide-polyethylene terephthalate (ITO-PET) window as the current collector in a readily-available electrochemical set-up. The mechanism of Li metal nucleation strongly depends on the selected current densities (C/40 and 2C). After the deposition of the solid electrolyte interface (SEI), Li nucleates from mossy to needle morphology. Moreover, layer-by-layer growth of dead Li in voids is monitored by following its accumulation upon cycling. Dead Li deposits in residual hollow structures, especially when high current densities are applied. These optical observations are coupled with computer vision analyses to evaluate the average size of the Li deposits: smaller Li nuclei plate when high C-rate is applied. The results here described provide insights into a new electrochemical cell concept that enables to elucidate the influence of spatial inhomogeneities of the lithophilic ITO-PET surface on the mechanism of Li nucleation and plating.
中文翻译：
无阳极配置中死锂生长的操作光学显微镜
作为全球推动小型电子和运输行业转变为电力基础设施的一部分，提高电池安全性和性能的需求日益增长。这项工作是在无阳极条件下通过操作光学显微镜沉积锂金属，在易于使用的电化学装置中使用透明氧化铟锡-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（ITO-PET）窗口作为集电器。锂金属成核的机制很大程度上取决于所选的电流密度（C/40 和 2C）。固体电解质界面（SEI）沉积后，锂从苔藓状成核到针状形态。此外，通过跟踪循环时的积累来监测死锂在空隙中的逐层生长。死锂沉积在残余的中空结构中，特别是在施加高电流密度时。这些光学观察与计算机视觉分析相结合，以评估锂沉积物的平均尺寸：当应用高碳速率时，锂核板更小。这里描述的结果提供了对新电化学电池概念的深入了解，该概念能够阐明亲石 ITO-PET 表面的空间不均匀性对锂成核和电镀机制的影响。
更新日期：2024-03-21
中文翻译：
无阳极配置中死锂生长的操作光学显微镜
作为全球推动小型电子和运输行业转变为电力基础设施的一部分，提高电池安全性和性能的需求日益增长。这项工作是在无阳极条件下通过操作光学显微镜沉积锂金属，在易于使用的电化学装置中使用透明氧化铟锡-聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（ITO-PET）窗口作为集电器。锂金属成核的机制很大程度上取决于所选的电流密度（C/40 和 2C）。固体电解质界面（SEI）沉积后，锂从苔藓状成核到针状形态。此外，通过跟踪循环时的积累来监测死锂在空隙中的逐层生长。死锂沉积在残余的中空结构中，特别是在施加高电流密度时。这些光学观察与计算机视觉分析相结合，以评估锂沉积物的平均尺寸：当应用高碳速率时，锂核板更小。这里描述的结果提供了对新电化学电池概念的深入了解，该概念能够阐明亲石 ITO-PET 表面的空间不均匀性对锂成核和电镀机制的影响。
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