Antibiotic treatment often causes collateral damage to the gut microbiota, including changes in its diversity and composition. Dietary fiber helps maintain intestinal health, regulate short-chain fatty acids, and promote the recovery of the intestinal microbiome. However, it is currently unknown which specific plant-based dietary fiber is optimal as a dietary supplement for restoring the intestinal microbiota after antibiotic disturbance. Previously, we proposed predictive recovery-associated bacterial species (p-RABs) and identified the most important interventions. This study aimed to identify an optimal form of dietary fiber to recover the gut microbiome after antibiotic treatment. Therefore, we examined the types of dietary fibers associated with p-RABs through a p-RAB–metabolite bilayer network constructed from prior knowledge; we searched for dietary fiber that could provide nutritional support for Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides uniformis. C57BL/6J mice were fed with 500 mg kg⁻¹ of different types of dietary fibers daily for one week after being treated with ampicillin. The results showed that mannan-oligosaccharides could better promote the diversity of intestinal microbial growth, enhance the recovery of most genera, including Akkermansia and Bacteroides, and inhibit certain pathogenic bacteria, such as Proteus, compared to the other fiber types. Furthermore, mannan-oligosaccharides could regulate the levels of short-chain fatty acids, especially butyric acid. Functional predictions showed that starch metabolism, galactose metabolism, and the metabolism of other carbohydrates played key roles in the early recovery process. In conclusion, mannan-oligosaccharides could enhance the recovery of the intestinal microbiome after antibiotic treatment, offering valuable insights for targeted dietary strategies.

中文翻译：

---

甘露寡糖促进抗生素干扰后肠道微生态恢复

抗生素治疗通常会对肠道微生物群造成附带损害，包括其多样性和组成的变化。膳食纤维有助于维持肠道健康，调节短链脂肪酸，促进肠道微生物群的恢复。然而，目前尚不清楚哪种特定的植物性膳食纤维最适合作为抗生素干扰后恢复肠道微生物群的膳食补充剂。此前，我们提出了预测性恢复相关细菌种类 (p-RAB) 并确定了最重要的干预措施。本研究旨在确定膳食纤维的最佳形式，以在抗生素治疗后恢复肠道微生物组。因此，我们通过根据现有知识构建的 p-RAB-代谢物双层网络检查了与 p-RAB 相关的膳食纤维类型；我们寻找可为Akkermansia muciniphila和Bacteroides Uniformis提供营养支持的膳食纤维。 C57BL/6J小鼠接受氨苄西林治疗后，每天喂食500 mg kg ^-1不同类型的膳食纤维，持续一周。结果表明，与其他纤维类型相比，甘露寡糖可以更好地促进肠道微生物生长的多样性，增强大多数菌属的恢复，包括阿克曼氏菌和拟杆菌，并抑制某些病原菌，例如变形杆菌。此外，甘露寡糖可以调节短链脂肪酸，尤其是丁酸的水平。功能预测表明淀粉代谢、半乳糖代谢和其他碳水化合物的代谢在早期恢复过程中发挥着关键作用。总之，甘露寡糖可以促进抗生素治疗后肠道微生物组的恢复，为有针对性的饮食策略提供有价值的见解。