Building materials are the main sources of indoor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odors, which significantly impact indoor air quality and perceived air quality. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to measure VOC emissions from 34 building materials, while an untrained panel assessed odor intensity (OI) and acceptability (ACC). The total VOC (TVOC) concentrations ranged from 156.5 to 3572.0 μg/m, with alkanes identified as the predominant types of VOCs. Formaldehyde and -hexane were found to be the most abundant compounds. Aldehydes are the dominant odorants, with hexanal being the most prevalent one according to the odor activity value (OAV). OI ranged from 2.35 to 4.69, while ACC ranged from −0.49 to 0.36. Adhesives exhibited both the highest TVOC concentration as well as a strong odor compared to other building materials; furniture boards emitted the lowest TVOC concentrations; wall coverings emitted minimal levels of odors. The effects of storage time on VOC concentrations and odor assessments were analyzed after sample collection for different durations: 6 h, 24 h or 48 h. A storage time period of 24 h was determined to be sufficient for assessing OI and ACC whereas shorter durations may be required when analyzing VOC concentrations or OAV values. The data provided in this study could help regulate VOC and odor emissions from building materials, as well as facilitate developing a model correlating subjective assessment results of OI and ACC with objective measurements of VOC concentrations and OAV.

中文翻译：

---

典型建筑材料的挥发性有机化合物和气味排放以及空气样品储存时间分析

建筑材料是室内挥发性有机化合物（VOC）和异味的主要来源，严重影响室内空气质量和感知空气质量。在这项研究中，使用气相色谱-质谱法测量 34 种建筑材料的 VOC 排放量，同时由未经培训的小组评估气味强度 (OI) 和可接受性 (ACC)。总挥发性有机化合物 (TVOC) 浓度范围为 156.5 至 3572.0 μg/m，其中烷烃被确定为 VOC 的主要类型。发现甲醛和正己烷是最丰富的化合物。醛类是主要的气味剂，根据气味活性值 (OAV)，己醛是最常见的一种。 OI 的范围为 2.35 至 4.69，而 ACC 的范围为 -0.49 至 0.36。与其他建筑材料相比，粘合剂的 TVOC 浓度最高，且气味强烈；家具板释放的TVOC浓度最低；墙面覆盖物散发出的气味极少。在不同持续时间（6 小时、24 小时或 48 小时）的样品采集后，分析了储存时间对 VOC 浓度和气味评估的影响。确定 24 小时的存储时间足以评估 OI 和 ACC，而在分析 VOC 浓度或 OAV 值时可能需要更短的存储时间。本研究提供的数据有助于调节建筑材料的 VOC 和气味排放，并有助于开发将 OI 和 ACC 的主观评估结果与 VOC 浓度和 OAV 的客观测量结果相关联的模型。