Vegetarianism is a growing trend, and food neophobia and orthorexia nervosa could act as barriers to achieving a healthy vegetarian diet. The aim of this study is to compare the levels of food neophobia, anxiety, and both healthy and pathological aspects of orthorexia among vegetarians and omnivores. Additionally, the study aims to identify the relationships between food neophobia, anxiety, and orthorexia. In this cross-sectional online survey, a total of 324 vegetarian and 455 omnivores adults participated. The questionnaire consisted of four sections: sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health-related characteristics, the Food Neophobia Scale (FNS), the Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorders-7 Scale. Vegetarians exhibited lower FNS scores (p < 0.001) and had higher healthy orthorexic scores (p < 0.001) than omnivores. There were no differences between groups for anxiety scores (p > 0.05). Regression analysis indicated that higher food neophobia (OR: 0.953, 95% CI:0.937–0.968) and TOS-OrNe scores (OR: 0.946, 95% CI: 0.901–0.993) were associated with lower odds of following a vegetarian diet. Conversely, higher TOS-HeOr scores (OR: 1.135, 95% CI:1.096–1.176) were linked to an increased likelihood of adopting a vegetarian diet. Furthermore, both FNS and GAD-7 scores showed negative correlations with TOS-HeOR (r = −0.124, p < 0.001 and r = −0.129 p < 0.001, respectively), and positive correlations with TOS-OrNe (r = 0.106, p < 0.001 and r = 0.146, p < 0.001). In conclusion, vegetarians exhibit lower levels of food neophobia and a greater interest in healthy eating than omnivores. Additionally, the distinct correlation between two dimensions of orthorexia and food neophobia and anxiety provides support for the two-dimensional nature of orthorexia.

中文翻译：

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素食者和杂食者的食物新恐惧症、正食症的二维方面以及焦虑之间的关联

素食主义是一种日益增长的趋势，而食物恐惧症和神经性厌食症可能成为实现健康素食饮食的障碍。本研究的目的是比较素食者和杂食者的食物恐惧症、焦虑症以及健康和病理方面的正食症水平。此外，该研究还旨在确定食物恐惧症、焦虑症和正食症之间的关系。在这项横断面在线调查中，共有 324 名素食者和 455 名杂食者成年人参与。调查问卷由四个部分组成：社会人口统计、生活方式和健康相关特征、食物恐惧症量表（FNS）、特鲁埃尔正畸量表（TOS）和广泛性焦虑症7量表。与杂食者相比，素食者表现出较低的 FNS 评分 (p < 0.001)，并且具有较高的健康正畸评分 (p < 0.001)。各组之间的焦虑评分没有差异（p > 0.05）。回归分析表明，较高的食物恐惧症（OR：0.953，95％CI：0.937-0.968）和TOS-OrNe评分（OR：0.946，95％CI：0.901-0.993）与较低的素食几率相关。相反，较高的 TOS-HeOr 分数（OR：1.135，95% CI：1.096–1.176）与采用素食的可能性增加有关。此外，FNS 和 GAD-7 评分均与 TOS-HeOR 呈负相关（分别为 r = -0.124，p < 0.001 和 r = -0.129 p < 0.001），与 TOS-OrNe 呈正相关（r = 0.106，p < 0.001 且 r = 0.146，p < 0.001）。总之，与杂食者相比，素食者对食物的恐惧程度较低，并且对健康饮食更感兴趣。此外，二维的正视症与食物新恐惧症和焦虑之间的明显相关性为正视症的二维性质提供了支持。