Graphene nanofibers (GNFs) are promising additives for the gypsum industry. However, their impact in different forms and configurations remains unexplored. This study delves into the effects of different types of GNF additives on the properties of gypsum plasters. Findings reveal that high-surface-area (HS) GNFs and liquid low-surface-area (LS) GNFs induced significant microstructural alterations. While rheology remained unaffected, GNFs accelerated gypsum hydration, leading to fast setting. Furthermore, these GNFs promoted the appearance of anhydrite, resulting in a porous matrix with shorter crystals and poor bonding. These microstructural changes significantly reduced both flexural and compressive strength, with losses of approximately 25%. The incorporation of surfactants further exacerbated these negative effects by limiting crystal formation and growth. Consequently, liquid GNF additives exhibited the lowest performance and durability attributes. While GNFs may impart improved thermal performance to gypsum components, their implementation can also lead to significant reductions in mechanical strength and durability. More research is required to develop additives that are more compatible and do not compromise the performance of the resulting components. Building practices interested in implementing graphene-based materials should focus on powdered additives with very low specific surface area (<100 m/g) to minimize toxicity and negative impacts on strength and durability.

中文翻译：

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揭示石墨烯纳米纤维添加剂在石膏中的性能：固体与液体的视角

石墨烯纳米纤维（GNF）是石膏工业有前途的添加剂。然而，它们以不同形式和配置产生的影响仍有待探索。本研究深入探讨了不同类型的 GNF 添加剂对石膏灰泥性能的影响。研究结果表明，高表面积 (HS) GNF 和液体低表面积 (LS) GNF 会引起显着的微观结构变化。虽然流变学不受影响，但 GNF 加速了石膏水合作用，导致快速凝固。此外，这些 GNF 促进了硬石膏的出现，导致多孔基质晶体较短且粘合不良。这些微观结构的变化显着降低了弯曲强度和压缩强度，损失约为 25%。表面活性剂的加入限制了晶体的形成和生长，进一步加剧了这些负面影响。因此，液体 GNF 添加剂表现出最低的性能和耐久性属性。虽然 GNF 可以改善石膏部件的热性能，但它们的实施也会导致机械强度和耐用性显着降低。需要更多的研究来开发更相容且不会损害最终组件性能的添加剂。对采用石墨烯基材料感兴趣的建筑实践应重点关注比表面积极低 (<100 m/g) 的粉末添加剂，以尽量减少毒性以及对强度和耐久性的负面影响。