Adults in socially vulnerable positions can benefit from participation in community sports programs. However, there is a lack of knowledge about the effective elements of these programs. To identify these elements, we consulted three groups of stakeholders: social sports coaches, program coordinators, and social workers. The effective elements were systematically arranged by means of group concept mapping (GCM), a mixed-methods approach for organizing thoughts. The social sports coaches (n = 14) mentioned 152 effective elements, the program coordinators (n = 5) mentioned 81 effective elements and the social workers (n = 8) mentioned 115 effective elements. Overlapping effective elements were mentioned by all three stakeholder groups, such as the role of the social sports coach, a safe sports climate, and structure of sports programs. However, the sport-specific knowledge and skills of coaches were mentioned only by program coordinators. Moreover, only the social workers provided elements that were protective in nature, such as not overburdening the participants. Average importance scores differed for these elements within groups and between groups. In conclusion, various effective elements were deemed necessary for community sports programs to be successful. Moreover, GCM appeared a successful tool to systematically identify effective elements of an intervention from the perspective of relevant stakeholders.

中文翻译：

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是什么让社区体育项目取得成功？确定有效要素的群体概念图研究

处于社会弱势地位的成年人可以从参与社区体育项目中受益。然而，人们对这些计划的有效要素缺乏了解。为了确定这些要素，我们咨询了三组利益相关者：社会体育教练、项目协调员和社会工作者。通过群体概念图（GCM）（一种组织思想的混合方法）来系统地安排有效元素。社会体育教练（n = 14）提到了152个有效要素，项目协调员（n = 5）提到了81个有效要素，社会工作者（n = 8）提到了115个有效要素。所有三个利益相关者群体都提到了重叠的有效要素，例如社会体育教练的作用、安全的体育氛围和体育项目的结构。然而，只有项目协调员提到了教练的具体运动知识和技能。此外，只有社会工作者提供了本质上具有保护性的要素，例如不给参与者带来过重的负担。这些元素在组内和组间的平均重要性分数有所不同。总之，社区体育项目的成功需要各种有效的要素。此外，GCM 似乎是一个成功的工具，可以从相关利益相关者的角度系统地识别干预措施的有效要素。