Climate-smart practices are actions that can be implemented without affecting agricultural activities and that can promote these activities, generating direct and indirect benefits in ecosystem services provision and increasing agricultural productivity and private income. The present study evaluated the effect of three climate-smart actions (establishment of isolated trees, recovery of riparian vegetation, and implementation of live fences) on increased functional landscape connectivity and carbon storage. Three scenarios with rates of participation ranging from 5 to 100% were tested in two watersheds with different degrees of conservation and a high priority for national food production in Mexico. The main results suggest climate-smart practices positively impact landscape connectivity and carbon sequestration. However, the improvement in landscape connectivity mainly benefits species of short displacement (50–100 m), and the increase in carbon storage is directly linear to the area implemented in these practices. Also, the effectiveness of the modeled actions depends on the landscape structure, which was implemented with the highest benefits in watersheds with intense agricultural activity. The findings can support decision-makers in selecting the best strategies to increase landscape connectivity and carbon sequestration in productive landscapes.

中文翻译：

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采用综合景观方法实施三种气候智能型实践对功能连通性和碳储存的影响

气候智能型做法是可以在不影响农业活动的情况下实施的行动，并且可以促进这些活动，在提供生态系统服务方面产生直接和间接效益，并提高农业生产力和私人收入。本研究评估了三项气候智能行动（种植孤立树木、恢复河岸植被和实施活围栏）对增加功能性景观连通性和碳储存的影响。参与率从 5% 到 100% 不等的三种情景在两个保护程度不同且对墨西哥国家粮食生产高度重视的流域进行了测试。主要结果表明，气候智能型实践对景观连通性和碳固存产生积极影响。然而，景观连通性的改善主要有利于短迁移（50-100 m）的物种，并且碳储存的增加与这些实践中实施的面积呈直接线性关系。此外，建模行动的有效性取决于景观结构，在农业活动密集的流域实施景观结构可获得最高效益。研究结果可以支持决策者选择最佳策略来增加生产性景观的景观连通性和碳固存。