ImportanceCurrent reports suggest that the surgeon-scientist phenotype is significantly threatened. However, a significant increase in the proportion of surgeons in the workforce funded by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) from 2010 (0.5%) to 2020 (0.7%) was recently reported and showed that surgeons primarily performed basic science research (78% in 2010; 73% in 2020) rather than clinical research.ObjectiveTo provide an update on the status of surgeons funded by the NIH for fiscal year (FY) 2022.Evidence ReviewNIH-funded surgeons were identified in FY2012 and FY2022, including those who were awarded grants with more than 1 principal investigator (PI) by querying the internal database at the NIH. The main outcome for this study was the total number of NIH-funded surgeons in FY2012 and FY2022, including total grant costs and number of grants. The secondary analysis included self-reported demographic characteristics of the surgeons in FY2022. The research type (basic science vs clinical) of R01 grants was also examined.FindingsIncluding multiple PI grants, 1324 surgeon-scientists were awarded $1.3 billion in FY2022. Women surgeons increased to 31.3% (339 of 1084) of the population of surgeon PIs in FY2022 compared with 21.0% (184 of 876) in FY2012. Among surgeon PIs awarded grants, a total of 200 (22.8%) were Asian, 35 (4.0%) were Black or African American, 18 (2.1%) were another race (including American Indian or Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and more than 1 race), and 623 (71.1%) were White. A total of 513 of 689 R01 grants (74.5%) were for basic science, 131 (19.0%) were for clinical trials, and 45 (6.5%) were for outcomes research.Conclusions and RelevanceNIH-funded surgeons are increasing in number and grant costs, including the proportion of women surgeon PIs, and are representative of the diversity among US academic surgical faculty. The results of this study suggest that despite the many obstacles surgeon-scientists face, their research portfolio continues to grow, they perform a myriad of mostly basic scientific research as both independent PIs and on multidisciplinary teams.

中文翻译：

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美国国立卫生研究院对美国外科医生科学家的资助——更新和扩展

重要性当前的报告表明外科医生科学家表型受到严重威胁。然而，最近有报道称，从 2010 年（0.5%）到 2020 年（0.7%），由美国国立卫生研究院 (NIH) 资助的外科医生在劳动力中的比例显着增加，并表明外科医生主要从事基础科学研究（78% 2010 年为 73%；2020 年为 73%），而不是临床研究。目的提供 2022 财年 (FY) NIH 资助的外科医生的最新状况。证据审查在 2012 财年和 2022 财年确定了 NIH 资助的外科医生，包括那些通过查询 NIH 的内部数据库，向超过 1 位主要研究者 (PI) 授予资助。这项研究的主要结果是 2012 财年和 2022 财年 NIH 资助的外科医生总数，包括拨款总额和拨款数量。二次分析包括 2022 财年外科医生自我报告的人口统计特征。还审查了 R01 资助的研究类型（基础科学与临床）。调查结果包括多项 PI 资助，1324 名外科医生科学家在 2022 财年获得了 13 亿美元的资助。2022 财年，女性外科医生占外科医生 PI 总数的 31.3%（1084 名中的 339 名），而 2012 财年这一比例为 21.0%（876 名中的 184 名）。在获得资助的外科医生 PI 中，共有 200 名 (22.8%) 为亚洲人，35 名 (4.0%) 为黑人或非裔美国人，18 名 (2.1%) 为其他种族（包括美洲印第安人或阿拉斯加原住民、夏威夷原住民或其他太平洋岛民） ，以及超过 1 个种族），623 名（71.1%）是白人。689 项 R01 拨款中，共有 513 项 (74.5%) 用于基础科学，131 项 (19.0%) 用于临床试验，45 项 (6.5%) 用于结果研究。 结论和相关性 NIH 资助的外科医生数量和拨款正在增加成本，包括女外科医生 PI 的比例，并且代表了美国学术外科教师的多样性。这项研究的结果表明，尽管外科医生科学家面临许多障碍，但他们的研究组合仍在不断增长，他们作为独立的 PI 和多学科团队进行了大量的基础科学研究。