This study presents a novel approach for the detection of carbofuran (CBF) insecticide by systematically exploring a calix[4]arene-derived fluorescence probe, CouC4S, functionalized with two coumarin-labelled cystamine linkages at the narrow edge of the calix[4]arene platform. The proposed method showed a fluorescence “signal – off” effect when CBF binds with CouC4S by quenching the fluorescence intensity of CouC4S. Its limit of detection was as low as 5.55 μM according to the emission study. The working concentration range for this ligand was observed to be up to 5–65 μM. This method could be applied for the on-spot detection of CBF in real samples such as cabbage by spiking CBF via in situ experiments, which exhibited a limit of detection of 8.823 ppm. For the further confirmation of CouC4S:CBF binding, cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, powder X-ray diffraction, FT-IR spectroscopy, ¹H NMR titration, MALDI-TOF and computational investigations were carried out.

中文翻译：

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香豆素附加杯[4]芳烃基荧光传感器的构建用于检测甘蓝中克百威

本研究提出了一种检测呋喃丹 ( CBF ) 杀虫剂的新方法，通过系统地探索源自杯 [4] 芳烃的荧光探针CouC4S，该探针在杯 [4] 芳烃的狭窄边缘用两个香豆素标记的胱胺键进行功能化平台。当CBF与CouC4S结合时，该方法通过猝灭CouC4S的荧光强度，表现出荧光“信号关闭”效应。根据发射研究，其检测限低至 5.55 μM。据观察，该配体的工作浓度范围高达 5–65 μM。该方法可用于通过原位实验添加CBF来现场检测卷心菜等实际样品中的CBF，检测限为8.823 ppm。为了进一步确认CouC4S的结合，进行了CBF结合、循环伏安法、微分脉冲伏安法、粉末 X 射线衍射、FT-IR 光谱、^{1 H NMR 滴定、MALDI-TOF 和计算研究。}