Plasmapheresis is currently used for the harvesting of blood plasma in medical labs and plasma donation centers. This is a fast, single-step membrane process for both collection of blood plasma and simultaneous blood cell isolation. This paper presents the development of a novel membrane that can be used to simultaneously harvest blood plasma and isolate low-density lipoprotein (LDL), known as bad cholesterol, from the blood. To achieve this goal, dual surface and bulk modification by dextran sulfate (DS) was performed on a polyethersulfone (PES) membrane containing single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). DS is an anionic ligand that repels negatively charged substances like red blood cells (RBCs) and adsorbs positively charged substances like Apo B100; the apoprotein of LDL. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analyses provided evidence of the grafting of DS on single wall carbon nanotubes (DS-SWCNT). Surface studies including water contact angle, zeta potential analysis, surface morphology, Attenuated Total Reflectance-FTIR (ATR-FTIR), and EDX, confirmed the presence of DS on the PES membrane surface. The SEM cross-section results showed the formation of a two-zone morphology with an open structure on the upside and a dense structure on the downside that provide optimal conditions for efficient separation of blood cells. The complete blood count (CBC) and biochemistry analyses revealed dual bulk and surface-modified membrane, and a specific sample (DM2) showed the best performance for blood cells and LDL separation. The maximum separation of blood cells was 87% RBC, 98% white blood cells (WBCs), and 83% platelets (PLTs). Moreover, DM2 exhibited a sieving ratio for LDL of 0.33. Blood compatibility analyses confirmed that DM2 and other related samples had low hemolysis and prolonged coagulation times.

中文翻译：

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硫酸葡聚糖散装和表面改性微滤膜，用于在血浆置换过程中同时采集血浆和去除低密度脂蛋白

目前，医学实验室和血浆捐赠中心使用血浆分离术来采集血浆。这是一种快速、单步膜工艺，可同时采集血浆和分离血细胞。本文介绍了一种新型膜的开发，该膜可用于同时收集血浆并从血液中分离出低密度脂蛋白（LDL）（称为坏胆固醇）。为了实现这一目标，我们对含有单壁碳纳米管 (SWCNT) 的聚醚砜 (PES) 膜进行了硫酸葡聚糖 (DS) 的双重表面和本体改性。 DS 是一种阴离子配体，可排斥红细胞 (RBC) 等带负电的物质，并吸附 Apo B100 等带正电的物质； LDL 的脱辅基蛋白。扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)、能量色散 X 射线 (EDX) 和傅里叶变换红外 (FTIR) 光谱分析提供了 DS 在单壁碳纳米管 (DS-SWCNT) 上接枝的证据。表面研究包括水接触角、zeta 电位分析、表面形态、衰减全反射-FTIR (ATR-FTIR) 和 EDX，证实了 PES 膜表面上存在 DS。 SEM横截面结果显示形成了两区形态，上侧开放结构，下侧致密结构，为血细胞的有效分离提供了最佳条件。全血细胞计数 (CBC) 和生物化学分析显示双重本体和表面修饰膜，并且特定样品 (DM2) 显示出血细胞和 LDL 分离的最佳性能。血细胞的最大分离率为 87% 红细胞、98% 白细胞 (WBC) 和 83% 血小板 (PLT)。此外，DM2 对 LDL 的筛分率为 0.33。血液相容性分析证实DM2和其他相关样品溶血程度低，凝血时间长。