Since the industrial revolution, the greenhouse effect has become more and more serious, causing great impacts on human beings and society. Many countries have formulated carbon neutrality and introduced a series of emission reduction measures. This paper summarizes and evaluates for the first time three universally appropriate carbon reduction measures: energy upgrading, biotechnology, and carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology in conjunction with the policies of each country. The choice of carbon reduction methods depends on the economic situation and natural resources of each country. For example, the Middle East is more in need of energy upgrades, South America is focused on biotechnology, and Western Europe is currently more suited to CCUS technology. This paper also predicts the carbon reduction capacity and capital consumption of 10 carbon reduction methods based on International Energy Agency (IEA) data and the current development of emission reduction technologies. This can provide a reference for countries to choose appropriate carbon reduction methods. Meanwhile, this paper comprehensively reviews the principles of CCUS technology, including the current progress, problems, and prospects for application. The CCUS technology plays a significant role in promoting the transformation of the energy structure and responding to global climate change. Promoting the rapid development and wide application of CCUS technology requires the joint efforts of governments, enterprises and the public: government policy, enterprise investment and public support. This paper can provide references for countries to select appropriate carbon reduction methods and guidance for researchers to further improve the effect of CCUS.

中文翻译：

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碳减排政策与技术融合：碳捕获、利用与封存技术研究进展

工业革命以来，温室效应日益严重，对人类和社会造成巨大影响。许多国家制定了碳中和并出台了一系列减排措施。本文首次结合各国政策总结和评估了三种普遍适用的碳减排措施：能源升级、生物技术和碳捕获、利用和封存（CCUS）技术。碳减排方法的选择取决于每个国家的经济状况和自然资源。例如，中东地区更需要能源升级，南美地区侧重于生物技术，而西欧目前更适合CCUS技术。本文还根据国际能源署（IEA）数据和当前减排技术的发展，预测了10种碳减排方法的碳减排能力和资本消耗。这可以为各国选择合适的碳减排方法提供参考。同时，本文全面回顾了CCUS技术的原理，包括目前的进展、存在的问题以及应用前景。 CCUS技术对于推动能源结构转型、应对全球气候变化具有重要作用。推动CCUS技术的快速发展和广泛应用需要政府、企业和公众的共同努力：政府政策、企业投入和公众支持。本文可为各国选择合适的碳减排方法提供参考，并为研究人员进一步提高CCUS效果提供指导。