The gut microbiome plays a significant role in developing colorectal cancer (CRC). The gut microbiome usually acts as a protective barrier against harmful pathogens and infections in the intestine, while also regulating inflammation by affecting the human immune system. The gut microbiota and probiotics play a role not only in intestinal inflammation associated with tumor formation but also in regulating anti-cancer immune response. As a result, they associated with tumor progression and the effectiveness of anti-cancer therapies. Research indicates that gut microbiota and probiotics can be used as biomarkers to predict the impact of immunotherapy and enhance its efficacy in treating CRC by regulating it. This review examines the importance of gut microbiota and probiotics in the development and progression of CRC, as well as their synergistic impact on anti-cancer treatments.

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肠道微生物群和益生菌在预防、治疗和增强结直肠癌免疫系统中的作用

肠道微生物组在结直肠癌 (CRC) 的发生中发挥着重要作用。肠道微生物群通常充当肠道有害病原体和感染的保护屏障，同时还通过影响人体免疫系统来调节炎症。肠道微生物群和益生菌不仅在与肿瘤形成相关的肠道炎症中发挥作用，而且在调节抗癌免疫反应中发挥作用。因此，它们与肿瘤进展和抗癌治疗的有效性相关。研究表明，肠道微生物群和益生菌可以作为生物标志物来预测免疫疗法的影响，并通过调节免疫疗法来增强其治疗结直肠癌的疗效。本综述探讨了肠道微生物群和益生菌在结直肠癌发生和进展中的重要性，以及它们对抗癌治疗的协同影响。