Caloric restriction is an effective means of extending a healthy lifespan. Fasting mimicking diet (FMD) is a growing pattern of caloric restriction. We found that FMD significantly prolonged the lifespan of prematurely aging mice. In naturally aging mice, FMD improved cognitive and intestinal health. Through a series of behavioral experiments, we found that FMD relieved anxiety and enhanced cognition in aged mice. In the intestine, the FMD cycles enhanced the barrier function, reduced senescence markers, and maintained T cell naïve-memory balance in the lamina propria mucosa. To further explore the causes of immune alterations, we examined changes in the stool microbiota using 16S rRNA sequencing. We found that FMD remodeled gut bacterial composition and significantly expanded the abundance of Lactobacillus johnsonii. Our research revealed that FMD has in-depth investigative value as an anti-aging intervention for extending longevity and improving cognition, intestinal function, and gut microbiota composition.

中文翻译：

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模仿禁食饮食可延长寿命并改善肠道和认知健康

热量限制是延长健康寿命的有效手段。模仿禁食饮食（FMD）是一种日益流行的热量限制模式。我们发现 FMD 显着延长了过早衰老小鼠的寿命。在自然衰老的小鼠中，FMD 改善了认知和肠道健康。通过一系列的行为实验，我们发现FMD可以缓解老年小鼠的焦虑并增强认知能力。在肠道中，FMD 循环增强了屏障功能，减少了衰老标志物，并维持了固有层粘膜中 T 细胞的幼稚记忆平衡。为了进一步探讨免疫改变的原因，我们使用 16S rRNA 测序检查了粪便微生物群的变化。我们发现 FMD 重塑了肠道细菌组成并显着增加了约氏乳杆菌的丰度。我们的研究表明，FMD 作为一种抗衰老干预措施，对于延长寿命、改善认知、肠道功能和肠道微生物群组成具有深入的研究价值。