The use of performance‐enhancing substances not only undermines the core values of sports but also poses significant health risks to athletes. In a fast‐evolving doping environment, where sport professionals are constantly seeking novel and illegal means to bypass doping tests, and new substances are regularly detected on the drug market, it is crucial to inform authorities with updated evidence emerging from scientific research. The current study aims to (i) outline the structure of knowledge in the literature on performance enhancers in sports (i.e., most active countries, main sources, most productive authors, and most frequently used keywords); (ii) identify the most impactful documents in the field; and (iii) uncover the main domains of research in the literature. To do so, we conducted a comprehensive scientometric analysis of the literature on doping, sourcing our data from Scopus. Our research involved a document co‐citation analysis of 193,076 references, leading to the identification of the 51 most influential documents and seven key thematic areas within the doping literature. Our results indicate that the scientific community has extensively studied the most prevalent doping classes, such as anabolic agents and peptide hormones, and little is still known about the use of contaminated supplements or other types of enhancers identified as emergent trends. Concurrently, technological advancements contributed to the development of more sophisticated doping detection techniques, using blood or urine samples. More recently, the focus has shifted towards the athlete biological passport, with research efforts aimed at identifying biomarkers indicative of doping. The dynamic nature of doping methods underlines the necessity for more robust educational campaigns, aiming at raising awareness among sports professionals and their entourage about the dangers of doping and the intricacies of its control mechanisms.

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运动中增强成绩的物质：75 年研究的科学计量回顾

使用增强成绩的物质不仅破坏了体育运动的核心价值，而且还给运动员带来了重大的健康风险。在快速发展的兴奋剂环境中，体育专业人士不断寻求新颖且非法的手段来绕过兴奋剂测试，并且药物市场上经常发现新物质，因此向当局通报科学研究中出现的最新证据至关重要。目前的研究旨在（我）概述有关体育运动表现增强剂的文献中的知识结构（即最活跃的国家、主要来源、最多产的作者和最常用的关键词）；(二)确定该领域最具影响力的文件；和(三)揭示文献中的主要研究领域。为此，我们从 Scopus 获取数据，对有关兴奋剂的文献进行了全面的科学计量分析。我们的研究涉及 193,076 篇参考文献的文献共引分析，从而确定了兴奋剂文献中 51 篇最有影响力的文献和 7 个关键主题领域。我们的研究结果表明，科学界已经广泛研究了最流行的兴奋剂类别，例如合成代谢药物和肽激素，但对于受污染的补充剂或被确定为新兴趋势的其他类型的增强剂的使用仍知之甚少。与此同时，技术进步促进了使用血液或尿液样本的更复杂的兴奋剂检测技术的发展。最近，焦点已转向运动员生物护照，研究工作旨在识别表明兴奋剂的生物标志物。兴奋剂方法的动态性质凸显了开展更强有力的教育活动的必要性，旨在提高体育专业人士及其随行人员对兴奋剂危险及其控制机制复杂性的认识。