In the cell nucleus, genomic DNA is surrounded by nonmembranous nuclear bodies. This might result from specific regions of the genome being transcribed into long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), which tend to remain at the sites of their own transcription. The lncRNAs seed the nuclear bodies by recruiting and concentrating proteins and RNAs, which undergo liquid–liquid-phase separation, and form molecular condensates, the so-called nuclear bodies. These nuclear bodies may provide appropriate environments for gene activation or repression. Notably, lncRNAs also contribute to three-dimensional genome structure by mediating long-range chromatin interactions. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate gene expression through shaping chromatin and nuclear architectures. We also explore lncRNAs’ potential as a therapeutic target for cancer, because lncRNAs are often expressed in a disease-specific manner.

中文翻译：

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染色质组织和核结构中的 RNA

在细胞核中，基因组 DNA 被非膜核体包围。这可能是由于基因组的特定区域被转录成长非编码 RNA (lncRNA)，这些区域往往保留在其自身转录的位点。lncRNA通过招募和浓缩蛋白质和RNA来播种核体，这些蛋白质和RNA经历液-液相分离，并形成分子凝聚物，即所谓的核体。这些核体可以为基因激活或抑制提供适当的环境。值得注意的是，lncRNA 还通过介导长程染色质相互作用来促进三维基因组结构。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了 lncRNA 通过塑造染色质和核结构来调节基因表达的机制。我们还探索了 lncRNA 作为癌症治疗靶点的潜力，因为 lncRNA 通常以疾病特异性方式表达。