Microalgae are considered to be a promising group of organisms for fuel production, waste processing, pharmaceutical applications, and as a source of food components. Unicellular algae are worth being considered because of their capacity to produce comparatively large amounts of lipids, proteins, and vitamins while requiring little room for growth. They can also grow on waste and fix CO2 and nitrogen compounds. However, production costs limit the industrial use of microalgae to the most profitable applications including micronutrient production and fish farming. Therefore, novel microalgae based technologies require an increase of the production efficiencies or values. Here we review the recent studies focused on getting strains with novel characteristics or cultivating techniques that improve production's robustness or efficiency and categorize these findings according to the fundamental factors that determine microalgae growth. Improvements of light and nutrient delivery, as well as other aspects of photobioreactor design, have shown the highest average increase in productivity. Other methods, such as an improvement of phosphorus or CO2 fixation and temperature adaptation have been found to be less effective. Furthermore, interactions with particular bacteria may promote the growth of microalgae, although bacterial and grazer contaminations must be managed to avoid culture failure. The competitiveness of the algal products will increase if these discoveries are applied to industrial settings.

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微藻培养技术的最新进展和基础

微藻被认为是一类很有前景的生物体，可用于燃料生产、废物处理、制药应用以及作为食品成分的来源。单细胞藻类值得考虑，因为它们能够产生相对大量的脂质、蛋白质和维生素，同时几乎不需要生长空间。它们还可以在废物上生长并固定二氧化碳和氮化合物。然而，生产成本限制了微藻的工业用途，仅限于最有利可图的应用，包括微量营养素生产和养鱼业。因此，基于微藻的新型技术需要提高生产效率或价值。在这里，我们回顾了最近的研究，重点是获得具有新颖特征的菌株或提高生产稳健性或效率的培养技术，并根据决定微藻生长的基本因素对这些发现进行分类。光和营养物输送以及光生物反应器设计的其他方面的改进已显示出最高的平均生产率提高。其他方法，例如改进磷或二氧化碳固定和温度适应，效果较差。此外，与特定细菌的相互作用可能会促进微藻的生长，尽管必须控制细菌和食草动物污染以避免培养失败。如果这些发现应用于工业环境，藻类产品的竞争力将会提高。