International comparisons of cancer surveillance measures may provide insight into inequalities in registration practices, etiological factors, and treatment strategies. This study aimed to compare incidence, survival, and mortality of cancer in children and young adolescents between Belgium and the Netherlands. All children (0–14 years) and young adolescents (15–17 years) diagnosed with cancer between 2004 and 2015 were selected from the population‐based cancer registries of Belgium (N = 4739) and the Netherlands (N = 7322). Differences in incidence and mortality were expressed as standardized rate ratios (SRR; BE/NL). Five‐year observed survival was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method. During 2004–2015, the overall cancer incidence among children and young adolescents was similar in both countries. Incidence of neuroblastoma was significantly higher in Belgian children (2010–2015: SRR = 1.3, 95% CI 1.0–1.6). Five‐year survival of all malignant cancers was comparable in 2010–2015, exceeding 80% in both age groups. Remarkable differences in survival existed in children for malignant central nervous system (CNS) tumors in 2004–2009 (BE = 62%, NL = 45%), for acute myeloid leukemia (BE = 68%, NL = 78%) and rhabdomyosarcomas (BE = 60%, NL = 79%) in 2010–2015, and for neuroblastoma in both periods (2004–2009: BE = 76%, NL = 64%; 2010–2015: BE = 82%, NL = 64%). Overall cancer mortality in children decreased by approximately 3 percent‐points annually in both countries, but was slightly lower in Belgium in 2004–2009 (SRR = 0.9, 95% CI 0.7–1.0). Despite differences for specific cancer types, overall cancer incidence, survival, and mortality were comparable between Dutch and Belgian children and young adolescents in 2010–2015. Variability in screening, diagnosis, and registration practices probably explains the observed differences in incidence and survival of neuroblastoma and malignant CNS tumors.

中文翻译：

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2004-2015 年比利时和荷兰儿童和青少年癌症的发病率、生存率和死亡率：一项基于人群的比较研究

癌症监测措施的国际比较可以深入了解登记实践、病因因素和治疗策略方面的不平等。本研究旨在比较比利时和荷兰儿童和青少年癌症的发病率、生存率和死亡率。2004 年至 2015 年间诊断患有癌症的所有儿童（0-14 岁）和青少年（15-17 岁）均选自比利时基于人口的癌症登记处（氮= 4739）和荷兰（氮= 7322）。发病率和死亡率的差异以标准化比率（SRR；BE/NL）表示。使用 Kaplan-Meier 方法计算五年观察生存率。2004年至2015年期间，两国儿童和青少年的总体癌症发病率相似。比利时儿童神经母细胞瘤的发病率显着较高（2010-2015 年：SRR = 1.3，95% CI 1.0-1.6）。2010 年至 2015 年，所有恶性肿瘤的五年生存率相当，两个年龄组均超过 80%。2004-2009 年，儿童中恶性中枢神经系统 (CNS) 肿瘤（BE = 62%，NL = 45%）、急性髓性白血病（BE = 68%，NL = 78%）和横纹肌肉瘤（NL = 78%）的生存率存在显着差异。 2010-2015 年 BE = 60%，NL = 79%），以及这两个时期的神经母细胞瘤（2004-2009 年：BE = 76%，NL = 64%；2010-2015 年：BE = 82%，NL = 64%） 。两国儿童总体癌症死亡率每年下降约 3%，但 2004-2009 年比利时略低（SRR = 0.9，95% CI 0.7-1.0）。尽管特定癌症类型存在差异，但 2010 年至 2015 年荷兰和比利时儿童和青少年的总体癌症发病率、生存率和死亡率相当。筛查、诊断和登记实践的差异可能解释了神经母细胞瘤和恶性中枢神经系统肿瘤的发病率和生存率的差异。