Extreme halophilic archaea that can live in high saline environments can offer potential applications in different biotechnological fields. This study delves into the fascinating field of halophilic archaea and their ability to produce biosurfactants. Some strains of haloarchaea were isolated from Wadi El-Natrun and were screened for biosurfactants production in a standard basal medium using emulsification index assay. Two strains were chosen as the potential strains for surface tension reduction. They were identified as Natrialba sp. BG1 and N3. The biosurfactants production was optimized and the produced emulsifiers were partially purified and identified using FTIR and NMR. Sequential statistical optimization, Plackett–Burman (PB) and Box–Behnken Designs (BBD) were carried out using 5 factors: oil, NaCl, casamino acids, pH, and inoculum size. The most significant factors were used for the next Response Surface Methodology experiment. The final optimal conditions for biosurfactants production were the inoculum size 2% pH 11 and NaCl 250 g/L, for Natrialba sp. BG1 and inoculum size 2.2%, pH 10 and NaCl 100 g/L for Natrialba sp. N3. The produced biosurfactants were tested for wound healing and the results indicated that Natrialba sp. BG1 biosurfactants is more efficient than Natrialba sp. N3 biosurfactants. Biosurfactants extracts were tested for their cytotoxic effects on normal cell line as well as on different cancer cells using MTT assay. The findings demonstrated that varying concentrations of the biosurfactants (31.25, 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 µg/mL) exhibited cytotoxic effects on the cell lines being tested. Additionally, the outcomes unveiled the presence of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties for both biosurfactants. Consequently, they could potentially serve as natural, safe, and efficient novel agents for combating cancer, promoting wound healing, and providing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.

中文翻译：

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埃及 Wadi El-Natrun 嗜盐古菌生产的生物表面活性剂的生产、表征和生物医学潜力

可以生活在高盐环境中的极端嗜盐古菌可以在不同的生物技术领域提供潜在的应用。这项研究深入研究了嗜盐古菌这个迷人的领域及其生产生物表面活性剂的能力。从 Wadi El-Natrun 中分离出一些盐古菌菌株，并使用乳化指数测定在标准基础培养基中筛选生物表面活性剂的生产。选择两种菌株作为降低表面张力的潜在菌株。它们被鉴定为 Natriba sp。BG1 和 N3。优化了生物表面活性剂的生产，并使用 FTIR 和 NMR 对所生产的乳化剂进行了部分纯化和鉴定。使用 5 个因素进行序贯统计优化、Plackett-Burman (PB) 和 Box-Behnken 设计 (BBD)：油、NaCl、酪蛋白氨基酸、pH 值和接种量。最重要的因素用于下一个响应面方法实验。对于 Natriba sp.，生物表面活性剂生产的最终最佳条件是接种量 2%、pH 11 和 NaCl 250 g/L。Natriba sp. BG1 和接种量 2.2%、pH 10 和 NaCl 100 g/L。N3。对所生产的生物表面活性剂进行了伤口愈合测试，结果表明 Natriba sp. BG1 生物表面活性剂比 NaTrialba sp 更有效。N3生物表面活性剂。使用 MTT 测定测试生物表面活性剂提取物对正常细胞系以及不同癌细胞的细胞毒性作用。研究结果表明，不同浓度的生物表面活性剂（31.25、62.5、125、250、500 和 1000 µg/mL）对所测试的细胞系表现出细胞毒性作用。此外，结果揭示了这两种生物表面活性剂都具有抗炎和抗氧化特性。因此，它们有可能成为天然、安全和有效的新型药物，用于对抗癌症、促进伤口愈合以及提供抗炎和抗氧化功效。