Silk fibroin (SF), a natural protein derived from silkworms, has emerged as a promising biomaterial due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, degradation rate, and tunable mechanical properties. This review delves into the intrinsic attributes of SF that make it an attractive candidate for scaffold development in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. The distinctiveness of this comprehensive review resides in its detailed exploration of recent advancements in the fabrication techniques of SF‐based fibrous scaffolds, namely electrospinning, freeze‐drying, and 3D printing. An in‐depth analysis of these fabrication techniques is conducted to illustrate their versatility in customizing essential scaffold characteristics, such as porosity, fiber diameter, and mechanical strength. The article meticulously discusses process parameters, advantages, and challenges of each fabrication technique, highlighting the innovative advancements made in the respective field. Furthermore, the review goes beyond fabrication techniques to provide an overview of the latest biomedical applications and research endeavors utilizing SF‐derived scaffolds. From nerve regeneration and wound healing to drug delivery, bone regeneration, and vascular tissue engineering, the diverse applications underscore the versatility of SF in adopting various biomedical challenges. Finally, the article emphasizes the need for standardized characterization techniques, scalable manufacturing processes, and long‐term in vivo studies.

中文翻译：

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用于生物医学前沿的丝素蛋白衍生纤维支架的制造

丝素蛋白（SF）是一种源自蚕的天然蛋白质，由于其生物相容性、生物可降解性、降解速率和可调节的机械性能，已成为一种有前途的生物材料。这篇综述深入研究了 SF 的内在属性，使其成为组织工程和再生医学支架开发的有吸引力的候选者。这篇综合综述的独特之处在于它详细探索了基于 SF 的纤维支架制造技术的最新进展，即静电纺丝、冷冻干燥和 3D 打印。对这些制造技术进行了深入分析，以说明它们在定制基本支架特性（例如孔隙率、纤维直径和机械强度）方面的多功能性。本文详细讨论了每种制造技术的工艺参数、优点和挑战，强调了各自领域取得的创新进展。此外，该综述超越了制造技术，概述了利用 SF 衍生支架的最新生物医学应用和研究工作。从神经再生和伤口愈合到药物输送、骨再生和血管组织工程，多样化的应用强调了 SF 在应对各种生物医学挑战方面的多功能性。最后，文章强调了标准化表征技术、可扩展的制造工艺和长期体内研究的必要性。