Ultrasound is a promising technology to address challenges in drug delivery, including limited drug penetration across physiological barriers and ineffective targeting. Here we provide an overview of the significant advances made in recent years in overcoming technical and pharmacological barriers using ultrasound-assisted drug delivery to the central and peripheral nervous system. We commence by exploring the fundamental principles of ultrasound physics and its interaction with tissue. The mechanisms of ultrasonic-enhanced drug delivery are examined, as well as the relevant tissue barriers. We highlight drug transport through such tissue barriers utilizing insonation alone, in combination with ultrasound contrast agents (e.g., microbubbles), and through innovative particulate drug delivery systems. Furthermore, we review advances in systems and devices for providing therapeutic ultrasound, as their practicality and accessibility are crucial for clinical application.

中文翻译：

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用于将超声调制药物输送至中枢和周围神经系统的小型治疗系统

超声波是一项很有前途的技术，可以解决药物输送方面的挑战，包括药物跨生理屏障的渗透有限和无效的靶向。在这里，我们概述了近年来利用超声辅助药物输送至中枢和周围神经系统克服技术和药理障碍方面取得的重大进展。我们首先探索超声物理学的基本原理及其与组织的相互作用。研究了超声增强药物输送的机制以及相关的组织屏障。我们重点介绍仅利用声波与超声造影剂（例如微泡）相结合以及通过创新的颗粒药物输送系统穿过此类组织屏障的药物输送。此外，我们回顾了用于提供治疗性超声的系统和设备的进展，因为它们的实用性和可访问性对于临床应用至关重要。