An ultralight 3D carbon fiber aerogel with good flexibility is developed soaking cotton in water and then calcinating at a high temperature. This cotton-derived carbon material is constituted by amorphous carbon and retains slight oxygen-containing groups. Besides, a lot of hollow carbon nanocapsules are yielded on the inside surface, resulting in abundant micropores and mesopores. Systemic investigations explore the molecular transformation from cotton to carbon fiber, and the formation of carbon nanocapsules. In the adsorption process for methyl orange (MO), this carbon fiber aerogel exhibits both a rapid adsorption rate and the ultrahigh adsorbability of 862.9 mg/g, outclassing most of carbon materials reported. Therefore, a dynamic sewage treatment system is built and consecutively removes hydrosoluble pollution for a long-term running time. For the cotton-derived carbon fiber aerogel, the good mechanical flexibility, excellent adsorption property, and high stability jointly provide a vast application prospect in future industrial wastewater remediation.

中文翻译：

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具有中空纳米胶囊的棉源三维碳纤维气凝胶和动态污水处理系统中的超高吸附效率

将棉花浸泡在水中，然后高温煅烧，研制出具有良好柔韧性的超轻3D碳纤维气凝胶。该源自棉的碳材料由无定形碳构成并保留少量含氧基团。此外，内表面生成大量中空碳纳米胶囊，从而产生丰富的微孔和介孔。系统研究探索了从棉花到碳纤维的分子转化，以及碳纳米胶囊的形成。在甲基橙（MO）的吸附过程中，这种碳纤维气凝胶表现出快速的吸附速率和862.9 mg/g的超高吸附力，超越了大多数报道的碳材料。因此，建立了动态​​污水处理系统，连续长期运行去除水溶性污染物。棉源碳纤维气凝胶良好的机械柔韧性、优异的吸附性能和高稳定性共同为未来工业废水修复提供了广阔的应用前景。