Rubber reinforced by nanofillers has high mechanical and frictional properties and has been considered a promising tire material for future applications. However, due to its potential environmental risks, particulate matter emission induced by the wear of this tire material should be evaluated. In this study, the wear particulate matter (WPM) induced by tire rubber reinforced by graphene (Gra) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) against a concrete surface was investigated utilizing a self-developed rolling contact test rig. The results show that the addition of appropriate Gra and CNT contents can reduce WPM emission. Rubber with Gra and CNTs emits more WPM with a size of 3.0 (WPM 3.0) in the same worn mass. CNTs play an important role in the emission of WPM 3.0. A greater worn amount does not always lead to a higher WPM 3.0 per unit of worn mass. The WPM 3.0 and 10.0 emissions per unit of worn mass are most governed by variations in velocity and load, respectively. The results from the present study may be useful in evaluating the potential environmental threat of nanofiller-reinforced rubber.

中文翻译：

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石墨烯和碳纳米管混合填料增强橡胶在滚动接触混凝土表面的磨损颗粒物排放

纳米填料增强的橡胶具有较高的机械和摩擦性能，被认为是未来应用有前途的轮胎材料。然而，由于其潜在的环境风险，应评估该轮胎材料磨损引起的颗粒物排放。在这项研究中，利用自行开发的滚动接触试验台研究了石墨烯（Gra）和碳纳米管（CNT）增强的轮胎橡胶对混凝土表面引起的磨损颗粒物（WPM）。结果表明，添加适当的Gra和CNT含量可以减少WPM排放。在相同的磨损质量下，含有 Gra 和 CNT 的橡胶会释放出更多的 WPM，尺寸为 3.0 (WPM 3.0)。碳纳米管在WPM 3.0的发射中发挥着重要作用。较大的磨损量并不总是导致每单位磨损质量的 WPM 3.0 较高。每单位磨损质量的 WPM 3.0 和 10.0 排放量分别主要受速度和负载变化的影响。本研究的结果可能有助于评估纳米填料增强橡胶的潜在环境威胁。