Socioeconomic factors are important correlates of drug use behaviors and health-related outcomes in people who use drugs (PWUD) residing in urban areas. However, less is known about the complex overlapping nature of socioeconomic conditions and their association with a range of individual, drug use, and health-related factors in men and women who use drugs. Data were obtained from two community-recruited prospective cohorts of PWUD. Using a gender-stratified approach, we conducted repeated measures latent class analyses (RMLCA) to identify discrete latent socioeconomic subgroups. Multivariable generalized estimating equations were then used to identify correlates of class membership. Between June 2014 and December 2018, RMLCA of 9844 observations from 1654 participants revealed five distinct patterns of socioeconomic status for both men and women. These patterns were primarily distinguished by variations in income, material and housing security, income generation activity, exposure to violence, criminal justice involvement, and police contact. Across gender, progressive increases in exposure to multiple dimensions of socioeconomic disadvantage were found to be associated with frequent use of opioids and stimulants, accessing social services, and being hepatitis C virus antibody-positive. Similar but less congruent trends across gender were observed for age, binge drug use, engagement with opioid agonist therapy, and living with HIV. Gendered patterns of multiple and overlapping dimensions of socioeconomic adversity aligned with patterns of frequent drug use and health-related concerns, highlighting priority areas for gender-inclusive, multilevel responses to mitigate health disparities and meet the diverse socioeconomic needs of urban-dwelling men and women who use drugs.

社会经济因素是城市地区吸毒者 (PWUD) 吸毒行为和健康相关结果的重要相关因素。然而，人们对社会经济条件的复杂重叠性质及其与吸毒男性和女性的一系列个人、吸毒以及健康相关因素的关系知之甚少。数据来自两个社区招募的 PWUD 前瞻性队列。使用性别分层方法，我们进行了重复测量潜在类别分析（RMLCA）来识别离散的潜在社会经济亚组。然后使用多变量广义估计方程来识别类别成员的相关性。 2014 年 6 月至 2018 年 12 月期间，RMLCA 对 1654 名参与者的 9844 项观察结果揭示了男性和女性五种不同的社会经济地位模式。这些模式主要通过收入、物质和住房保障、创收活动、暴力暴露、刑事司法参与和警察接触等方面的差异来区分。在不同性别中，发现社会经济劣势的多个方面的暴露程度逐渐增加与频繁使用阿片类药物和兴奋剂、获得社会服务以及丙型肝炎病毒抗体呈阳性有关。在年龄、酗酒、接受阿片类激动剂治疗以及感染艾滋病毒方面，不同性别之间观察到了类似但不太一致的趋势。社会经济逆境的多重和重叠维度的性别模式与频繁吸毒和健康相关问题的模式相一致，突出了性别包容、多层次应对措施的优先领域，以缩小健康差距并满足城市居民的多样化社会经济需求谁使用毒品。