Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) are bioderived one-dimensional species with versatile surface chemistry and unique self-assembling behavior in aqueous solutions. This work presents a scientific approach to leverage these characteristics for creating CNC network templates and processing them to engineer a novel silicon (Si)-based material called silicon nano-quill (SiNQ) for energy storage applications. The SiNQ structure possesses a porous, tubular morphology with a substantial ability to store lithium ions while maintaining its structural integrity. The presence of Si suboxides in the SiNQ structure is demonstrated to be crucial for realizing a stable cycling performance. One of the defining attributes of SiNQ is its water dispersibility due to Si–H surface bonds, promoting water-based Si-graphite electrode manufacturing with environmental and economic benefits. The incorporation of only 17 wt% SiNQ enhances the capacity of graphitic anodes by ∼2.5 times. An initial coulombic efficiency of 97.5% is achieved by employing a versatile pre-lithiation. The SiNQ-graphite anodes with high active loading, when subjected to accelerated charging/discharging conditions at 5.4 mA cm⁻², exhibit stable cycling stability up to 500 cycles and average coulombic efficiency of >99%. A generalized physics-based cyclic voltammetry model is presented to explain the remarkable behavior of SiNQs under fast-charging conditions.

中文翻译：

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生物源硅纳米管：锂离子电池阳极的合成、结构和性能

纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）是生物来源的一维物种，具有多种表面化学性质和在水溶液中独特的自组装行为。这项工作提出了一种科学方法，利用这些特性来创建 CNC 网络模板并对其进行处理，以设计一种用于储能应用的新型硅 (Si) 材料，称为硅纳米管 (SiNQ)。SiNQ 结构具有多孔管状形态，具有存储锂离子的强大能力，同时保持其结构完整性。SiNQ 结构中 Si 低氧化物的存在被证明对于实现稳定的循环性能至关重要。SiNQ 的决定性属性之一是其由于 Si-H 表面键而具有的水分散性，促进水基硅石墨电极的制造，具有环境和经济效益。仅加入 17 wt% SiNQ 即可将石墨阳极的容量提高约 2.5 倍。通过采用多功能预锂化，初始库仑效率达到 97.5%。具有高活性负载的SiNQ-石墨负极在5.4 mA cm ^-2的加速充电/放电条件下表现出高达500次循环的稳定循环稳定性和>99%的平均库伦效率。提出了一种基于物理的广义循环伏安模型来解释 SiNQ 在快速充电条件下的显着行为。