AimTo compare the marginal bone level of immediately placed implants, with either immediate or delayed provisionalization (IP or DP), in the maxillary aesthetic zone after 10 years of function.Materials and MethodsParticipants with a failing tooth in the maxillary aesthetic zone were randomly assigned to immediate implant placement with either IP (n = 20) or DP (n = 20) after primary wound closure with a free gingival graft. The final restoration was placed 3 months after provisionalization. The primary outcome was change in marginal bone level. In addition, implant survival, restoration survival and success, peri‐implant tissue health, mucosa levels, aesthetic indices, buccal bone thickness and patient satisfaction were evaluated.ResultsAfter 10 years, the mean mesial and distal changes in marginal bone level were −0.47 ± 0.45 mm and −0.49 ± 0.52 mm in the IP group and −0.58 ± 0.76 mm and −0.41 ± 0.72 mm in the DP group (p = .61; p = .71). The survival rate was 100% for the implants; for the restorations, it was 88.9% in the IP group and 87.5% in the DP group. Restoration success, according to modified USPHS criteria, was 77.8% in the IP group and 75.0% in the DP group. The prevalence of peri‐implant mucositis was 38.9% and 35.7% and of peri‐implantitis 0.0% and 6.3%, respectively, in the IP group and DP group (p = 1.0; p = .40). The Pink Esthetic Score and White Esthetic Score was 15.28 ± 2.32 in the IP group and 14.64 ± 2.74 in the DP group, both clinically acceptable (p = .48). The buccal bone thickness was lower in the DP group. Patient satisfaction was similar in both groups (p = .75).ConclusionsThe mean marginal bone level changes after immediate implant placement with IP were similar to those after immediate placement with DP.Clinical Trial RegistrationRegistered in the National Trial Register (NL9340).

中文翻译：

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在上颌美容区即刻种植体并立即或延迟修复：一项为期 10 年的随机试验

目的 比较使用立即或延迟修复（IP 或 DP）的立即植入种植体在使用 10 年后上颌美容区的边缘骨水平。 材料和方法上颌美容区牙齿缺失的参与者被随机分配到使用 IP 立即植入种植体（n= 20) 或 DP (n= 20) 使用游离牙龈移植物闭合初次伤口后。最终修复体在临时修复后 3 个月进行。主要结果是边缘骨水平的变化。此外，还评估了种植体存活率、修复体存活率和成功率、种植体周围组织健康状况、粘膜水平、美观指数、颊骨厚度和患者满意度。结果 10年后，边缘骨水平的平均近中和远中变化为-0.47 ± IP 组为 0.45 mm 和 -0.49 ± 0.52 mm，DP 组为 -0.58 ± 0.76 mm 和 -0.41 ± 0.72 mm（p= .61；p= .71）。种植体的存活率为100%；对于修复体，IP 组为 88.9%，DP 组为 87.5%。根据修改后的 USPHS 标准，IP 组的修复成功率为 77.8%，DP 组的修复成功率为 75.0%。在 IP 组和 DP 组中，种植体周围粘膜炎的患病率分别为 38.9% 和 35.7%，种植体周围炎的患病率为 0.0% 和 6.3%（p= 1.0;p= .40)。IP组的粉色美学评分和白色美学评分为15.28±2.32，DP组为14.64±2.74，均为临床可接受的（p= .48）。DP 组的颊骨厚度较低。两组患者的满意度相似（p= .75)。结论立即植入 IP 种植体后的平均边缘骨水平变化与立即植入 DP 后的平均边缘骨水平变化相似。临床试验注册在国家试验注册库 (NL9340) 中注册。