Gallibacterium anatis, recognized as a resident and opportunistic pathogen primarily in poultry, underwent investigation in unwell domestic mammals and birds. The study encompassed the mapping and comparison of G. anatis isolates, evaluation of their genetic diversity, and determination of their susceptibility to antimicrobials. A total of 11,908 clinical samples were analyzed using cultivation methods and MALDI-TOF. Whole-genome sequencing was performed on seven calf isolates and six hen isolates. Among mammals, G. anatis was exclusively detected in 22 young dairy calves, while among domestic birds, it was found in 35 individuals belonging to four species. Pathological observations in calves were predominantly localized in the digestive tract, whereas in birds, multi-organ infections and respiratory system infections were most prevalent. Distinct groups of genes were identified solely in calf isolates, and conversely, those unique to hen isolates were also recognized. Novel alleles in the multilocus sequence typing scheme genes and previously unidentified sequence types were observed in both calf and hen isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility exhibited variation between bird and calf isolates. Notably, G. anatis isolates from calves exhibited disparities in genotype and phenotype compared to those from hens. Despite these distinctions, G. anatis isolates demonstrated the capability to induce septicemia in both species.

中文翻译：

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从捷克共和国家养哺乳动物和鸟类的病理过程中分离出的鸡杆菌的特征

鸡杆菌被认为是主要在家禽中的常驻和机会致病菌，在不适的家养哺乳动物和鸟类中进行了研究。该研究包括对 G. anatis 分离株进行绘图和比较、评估其遗传多样性以及确定其对抗菌药物的敏感性。使用培养方法和 MALDI-TOF 分析了总共 11,908 个临床样本。对七个小牛分离株和六个母鸡分离株进行了全基因组测序。在哺乳动物中，仅在 22 头年轻奶牛中检测到 G. anatis，而在家禽中，在分属于 4 个物种的 35 只个体中发现了 G. anatis。犊牛的病理观察结果主要集中在消化道，而鸟类的病理观察则以多器官感染和呼吸系统感染最为普遍。仅在小牛分离株中鉴定出不同的基因组，相反，也识别了母鸡分离株特有的基因组。在小牛和母鸡分离株中均观察到多位点序列分型方案基因中的新等位基因和先前未鉴定的序列类型。禽类和小牛分离株之间的抗菌敏感性表现出差异。值得注意的是，与来自母鸡的分离物相比，来自小牛的 G. anatis 分离物在基因型和表型上表现出差异。尽管存在这些区别，G. anatis 分离株仍表现出在这两个物种中诱导败血症的能力。