With the rapid development of space technology, multi-functional materials with advantages such as heat insulation, lightweight, and electromagnetic (EM) wave absorption have gained broad application prospects. Since porous carbon fiber reinforced carbon (C/C) composites often have lightweight and high heat insulation properties, improving their mechanical and electromagnetic wave absorbing properties will significantly expand their application. In this study, a new kind of zirconium-modified C/C (Zr-C/C) composites prepared by polymer infiltration and pyrolysis using zirconium-modified phenolic resin is presented. By adjusting the content of Zr, the compressive strengths of the composites are increased up to 48% compared with the composites without Zr, while the thermal insulation properties are little changed. The incorporation of zirconium can make the composites exhibit better microwave absorption performance to some extent, and Zr-C/C composites with 10% zirconium have the best microwave absorption performance among all the samples. The excellent electromagnetic wave absorption performance of Zr-C/C composites is attributed to the enhanced interfacial polarization effect and the improved electrical conductivities of the material due to its internal carbon microsphere structure. Multi-functional Zr-C/C composites that combine lightweight, high thermal insulation, high compressive strength, and high electromagnetic wave absorption have obvious applications in fields such as stealth aircraft. Therefore, this work provides a new way to prepare multi-functional materials.

中文翻译：

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具有优异微波吸收和机械性能的轻质锆改性碳-碳复合材料

随着空间技术的快速发展，具有隔热、轻质、吸收电磁波等优点的多功能材料获得了广阔的应用前景。由于多孔碳纤维增强碳（C/C）复合材料通常具有轻质和高隔热性能，提高其机械波和电磁波吸收性能将显着扩大其应用。在这项研究中，提出了一种利用锆改性酚醛树脂通过聚合物渗透和热解制备的新型锆改性C/C（Zr-C/C）复合材料。通过调整Zr的含量，复合材料的抗压强度比不含Zr的复合材料提高了48%，而隔热性能变化不大。锆的掺入一定程度上可以使复合材料表现出更好的微波吸收性能，其中锆含量为10%的Zr-C/C复合材料在所有样品中具有最好的微波吸收性能。Zr-C/C复合材料优异的电磁波吸收性能归因于其内部碳微球结构增强的界面极化效应和提高的材料电导率。集轻质、高隔热、高抗压强度、高电磁波吸收于一体的多功能Zr-C/C复合材料在隐形飞机等领域有着明显的应用。因此，该工作为制备多功能材料提供了新的途径。