Background:The association between ambient air temperature and mortality has not been assessed in Norway. This study aimed to quantify for seven Norwegian cities (Oslo, Bergen, Stavanger, Drammen, Fredrikstad, Trondheim and Tromsø) the non-accidental, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases mortality burden due to non-optimal ambient temperatures.Methods:We used a historical daily dataset (1996–2018) to perform city-specific analyses with a distributed lag non-linear model with 14 days of lag, and pooled results in a multivariate meta-regression. We calculated attributable deaths for heat and cold, defined as days with temperatures above and below the city-specific optimum temperature. We further divided temperatures into moderate and extreme using cut-offs at the 1st and 99th percentiles.Results:We observed that 5.3% (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.0–8.3) of the non-accidental related deaths, 11.8% (95% CI 6.4–16.4) of the cardiovascular and 5.9% (95% CI –4.0 to 14.3) of the respiratory were attributable to non-optimal temperatures. Notable variations were found between cities and subgroups stratified by sex and age. The mortality burden related to cold dominated in all three health outcomes (5.1%, 2.0–8.1, 11.4%, 6.0–15.4, and 5.1%, –5.5 to 13.8 respectively). Heat had a more pronounced effect on the burden of respiratory deaths (0.9%, 0.2–1.0). Extreme cold accounted for 0.2% of non-accidental deaths and 0.3% of cardiovascular and respiratory deaths, while extreme heat contributed to 0.2% of non-accidental and to 0.3% of respiratory deaths.Conclusions:Most of the burden could be attributed to the contribution of moderate cold. This evidence has significant implications for enhancing public-health policies to better address health consequences in the Norwegian setting.

中文翻译：

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挪威七个城市气温与死亡率之间的短期关联：时间序列分析

背景：挪威尚未评估环境空气温度与死亡率之间的关联。本研究旨在量化挪威七个城市（奥斯陆、卑尔根、斯塔万格、德拉门、腓特烈斯塔、特隆赫姆和特罗姆瑟）因非最佳环境温度而导致的非意外、心血管和呼吸系统疾病死亡率负担。方法：我们使用历史每日数据数据集（1996-2018），使用滞后 14 天的分布式滞后非线性模型执行特定城市的分析，并将结果汇​​总到多元元回归中。我们计算了因炎热和寒冷造成的死亡原因，定义为温度高于和低于城市特定最佳温度的天数。我们使用第 1 个百分位数和第 99 个百分位数进一步将温度分为中等温度和极端温度。 结果：我们观察到，5.3%（95% 置信区间 (CI) 2.0–8.3）的非意外相关死亡，11.8%（95心血管疾病的 % CI (6.4–16.4) 和呼吸系统的 5.9% (95% CI –4.0 至 14.3) 可归因于非最佳温度。按性别和年龄分层的城市和亚组之间发现了显着差异。与寒冷相关的死亡负担在所有三种健康结果中均占主导地位（分别为 5.1%、2.0-8.1、11.4%、6.0-15.4 和 5.1%、–5.5 至 13.8）。高温对呼吸系统死亡负担的影响更为明显（0.9%，0.2-1.0）。极端寒冷导致非意外死亡的 0.2%，心血管和呼吸系统死亡的 0.3%，而极端炎热导致非意外死亡的 0.2%，呼吸系统死亡的 0.3%。 结论：大部分负担可归因于中度寒冷的贡献。这一证据对于加强公共卫生政策以更好地解决挪威环境中的健康后果具有重要意义。