The topic of this study is the experiences of ethnic harassment (EH) among first- and second-generation immigrants in Europe. EH is defined as unwanted conduct related to racial or ethnic origin that creates an intimidating, hostile, or offensive environment. Previous research has shown that EH has a negative impact on the health, well-being, and integration of immigrants. However, little is known about which immigrants are more likely to experience EH. This study aims to fill this gap. We develop a theoretical framework for understanding EH and use it to generate hypotheses about individual-level characteristics. We test these hypotheses using data from the Second European Union Minorities and Discrimination Survey and analyze the experiences of EH among 12,596 immigrants in 17 European countries. Largely in line with theoretical expectations, results from logistic regression models reveal that immigrants are more likely to experience EH if they are Muslim, wear religious clothing, are from the second generation, are higher educated, are proficient in the host-country language, and perceive themselves to be overqualified for their job and face more economic hardship.

中文翻译：

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欧洲第一代和第二代移民种族骚扰的决定因素

本研究的主题是欧洲第一代和第二代移民的种族骚扰（EH）经历。EH 被定义为与种族或民族血统相关的不良行为，这些行为会造成恐吓、敌对或冒犯性的环境。先前的研究表明，EH 对移民的健康、福祉和融入产生负面影响。然而，我们对哪些移民更有可能患 EH 知之甚少。本研究旨在填补这一空白。我们开发了一个理解 EH 的理论框架，并用它来生成有关个体层面特征的假设。我们使用第二次欧盟少数民族和歧视调查的数据检验这些假设，并分析 17 个欧洲国家 12,596 名移民的 EH 经历。逻辑回归模型的结果与理论预期基本一致，显示如果移民是穆斯林、穿着宗教服装、是第二代、受过高等教育、精通东道国语言并且认为自己的工作资格过高，并面临更多的经济困难。