The β‐cell relies predominantly on glucose utilization to generate adenosine triphosphate, which is crucial for both cell viability and insulin secretion. The β‐cell has evolved remarkable metabolic flexibility to productively respond to shifts in environmental conditions and changes in glucose availability. Although these adaptive responses are important for maintaining optimal cellular function, there is emerging evidence that the resulting changes in cellular metabolites can impact the epigenome, causing transient and lasting alterations in gene expression. This review explores the intricate interplay between metabolism and the epigenome, providing valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms leading to β‐cell dysfunction in diabetes. Understanding these mechanisms will be critical for developing targeted therapeutic strategies to preserve and enhance β‐cell function, offering potential avenues for interventions to improve glycemic control in individuals with diabetes.

中文翻译：

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葡萄糖代谢通过表观基因组变化部分调节β细胞功能

β细胞主要依靠葡萄糖利用来产生三磷酸腺苷，这对于细胞活力和胰岛素分泌都至关重要。β细胞已经进化出显着的代谢灵活性，能够有效地响应环境条件的变化和葡萄糖可用性的变化。尽管这些适应性反应对于维持最佳细胞功能很重要，但越来越多的证据表明，由此产生的细胞代谢物变化可能会影响表观基因组，导致基因表达发生短暂而持久的改变。这篇综述探讨了代谢与表观基因组之间复杂的相互作用，为导致糖尿病 β 细胞功能障碍的分子机制提供了有价值的见解。了解这些机制对于制定有针对性的治疗策略以保护和增强 β 细胞功能至关重要，并为改善糖尿病患者血糖控制的干预措施提供潜在途径。