Cue-based retrieval theories of sentence processing posit that long-distance dependency formation is guided by a cue-based retrieval mechanism: dependents are retrieved via retrieval cues associated with a verb. When retrieval cues match multiple similar items in memory, this leads to cue-based retrieval interference. A landmark study by Van Dyke and McElree tested interference from sentence-external items: retrieval cues were manipulated to (mis-)match semantically similar items presented prior to a target dependency. The support for interference of this type is weak, and only comes from English object cleft constructions. Our study provides a cross-linguistic investigation of interference from sentence-external items: Three eyetracking studies in English, German and Russian tested interference in the online processing of filler-gap dependencies under varying task demands. A fourth study attempted to replicate the Van Dyke and McElree study using self-paced reading. Bayes factors analyses show cross-linguistic evidence against interference from sentence-external items. A broader implication from these data is that cue-based retrieval interference is driven by sentence-internal distracting items, suggesting that a cue-based search is restricted to the current linguistic context.

中文翻译：

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针对句外干扰因素干扰的跨语言证据

句子处理的基于线索的检索理论认为，长距离依存关系的形成是由基于线索的检索机制引导的：依存关系是通过与动词相关的检索线索来检索的。当检索线索与记忆中的多个相似项目相匹配时，就会导致基于线索的检索干扰。Van Dyke 和 McElree 进行的一项具有里程碑意义的研究测试了句子外部项目的干扰：操纵检索线索以（错误）匹配目标依赖之前呈现的语义相似项目。对这种类型干扰的支持很弱，并且仅来自英语宾语裂结构。我们的研究提供了对句子外部项目干扰的跨语言调查：英语、德语和俄语的三项眼球追踪研究测试了不同任务要求下填充间隙依赖性在线处理的干扰。第四项研究试图通过自定进度阅读来复制范戴克和麦克埃里的研究。贝叶斯因素分析显示了反对句子外部项目干扰的跨语言证据。这些数据更广泛的含义是，基于线索的检索干扰是由句子内部分散注意力的项目驱动的，这表明基于线索的搜索仅限于当前的语言上下文。