Salinity stress causes serious damage to crops worldwide, limiting plant production. However, the metabolic and molecular mechanisms underlying the response to salt stress in rose (Rosa spp.) remain poorly studied. We therefore performed a multi-omics investigation of Rosa hybrida cv. Jardin de Granville (JDG) and Rosa damascena Mill. (DMS) under salt stress to determine the mechanisms underlying rose adaptability to salinity stress. Salt treatment of both JDG and DMS led to the buildup of reactive oxygen species (H2O2). Palisade tissue was more severely damaged in DMS than in JDG, while the relative electrolyte permeability was lower and the soluble protein content was higher in JDG than in DMS. Metabolome profiling revealed significant alterations in phenolic acid, lipids, and flavonoid metabolite levels in JDG and DMS under salt stress. Proteome analysis identified enrichment of flavone and flavonol pathways in JDG under salt stress. RNA sequencing showed that salt stress influenced primary metabolism in DMS, whereas it substantially affected secondary metabolism in JDG. Integrating these datasets revealed that the phenylpropane pathway, especially the flavonoid pathway, is strongly enhanced in rose under salt stress. Consistent with this, weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) identified the key regulatory gene chalcone synthase 1 (CHS1), which is important in the phenylpropane pathway. Moreover, luciferase assays indicated that the bHLH74 transcription factor binds to the CHS1 promoter to block its transcription. These results clarify the role of the phenylpropane pathway, especially flavonoid and flavonol metabolism, in the response to salt stress in rose.

中文翻译：

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多组学分析揭示了玫瑰植物耐盐性的关键调控防御途径和基因

盐胁迫对全世界农作物造成严重损害，限制植物产量。然而，玫瑰（Rosa spp.）对盐胁迫反应的代谢和分子机制仍知之甚少。因此，我们对蔷薇进行了多组学研究。Jardin de Granville (JDG) 和 Rosa damascena Mill。（DMS）在盐胁迫下确定玫瑰对盐胁迫适应性的机制。JDG 和 DMS 的盐处理都会导致活性氧 (H2O2) 的积累。DMS中的栅栏组织损伤比JDG中更严重，而JDG中的相对电解质渗透率比DMS中更低，可溶性蛋白含量更高。代谢组分析揭示了盐胁迫下 JDG 和 DMS 中酚酸、脂质和类黄酮代谢物水平的显着变化。蛋白质组分析确定了盐胁迫下 JDG 中黄酮和黄酮醇途径的富集。RNA测序表明盐胁迫影响DMS的初级代谢，而显着影响JDG的次级代谢。整合这些数据集表明，苯丙烷途径，尤其是类黄酮途径，在盐胁迫下玫瑰中得到强烈增强。与此一致的是，加权基因共表达网络分析 (WGCNA) 确定了关键调控基因查尔酮合酶 1 (CHS1)，它在苯丙烷途径中很重要。此外，荧光素酶测定表明 bHLH74 转录因子与 CHS1 启动子结合以阻断其转录。这些结果阐明了苯丙烷途径，特别是类黄酮和黄酮醇代谢在玫瑰响应盐胁迫中的作用。