Inflammation plays an essential role and is a common feature in the pathogenesis of many chronic diseases. The exact mechanisms through which sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors achieve their much-acclaimed clinical benefits largely remain unknown. In this review, we detail the systemic and tissue- or organ-specific anti-inflammatory effects of SGLT2 inhibitors using evidence from animal and human studies. We discuss the potential pathways through which SGLT2 inhibitors exert their anti-inflammatory effects, including oxidative stress, mitochondrial, and inflammasome pathways. Finally, we highlight the need for further investigation of the extent of the contribution of the anti-inflammatory effects of SGLT2 inhibition to improvements in cardiometabolic and renal outcomes in clinical studies.

中文翻译：

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钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白 2 抑制剂的全身和器官特异性抗炎作用

炎症在许多慢性疾病的发病机制中起着重要作用，也是一个共同特征。钠-葡萄糖协同转运蛋白 2 (SGLT2) 抑制剂实现其备受赞誉的临床益处的确切机制在很大程度上仍不清楚。在这篇综述中，我们利用动物和人类研究的证据详细介绍了 SGLT2 抑制剂的全身和组织或器官特异性抗炎作用。我们讨论了 SGLT2 抑制剂发挥抗炎作用的潜在途径，包括氧化应激、线粒体和炎症小体途径。最后，我们强调需要在临床研究中进一步研究 SGLT2 抑制的抗炎作用对改善心脏代谢和肾脏结果的贡献程度。