Contemporary work teams are increasingly faced with external pressures and changing demands that thrust them into stressful conditions that require coping to maintain not only performance but also well-being. In this paper, we treat the COVID-19 pandemic as an extreme case of multilevel stressors and coping in teams to investigate how teams and their members simultaneously cope with stressors at both individual and team levels and the impacts this has on their well-being. We conducted a longitudinal qualitative multi-case study involving 12 teams, utilizing data from 69 members collected through diaries, interviews, and surveys over a period of 6 months. Our findings illustrate how the needs and coping efforts of teams and individuals can sometimes conflict, resulting in opposing states of well-being at different levels. We frame this phenomenon as the multilevel well-being paradox. Our emergent process model of multilevel coping in teams suggests that teams thrive when they establish a shared appraisal of stressors and coping options through active team reflection, and when they adopt coping approaches that align with the specific stressors experienced at both levels. This study advances our understanding of coping in teams by illuminating the intricate interplay between team and individual well-being and highlighting the paradoxical nature of this relationship.

中文翻译：

---

多层次幸福悖论：走向团队应对的综合过程理论

当代工作团队越来越多地面临外部压力和不断变化的需求，这些压力和需求将他们推入压力很大的环境，不仅需要应对才能保持绩效，还要保持幸福感。在本文中，我们将 COVID-19 大流行视为多层次压力源和团队应对的极端案例，以研究团队及其成员如何同时应对个人和团队层面的压力源以及这对他们的福祉的影响。我们进行了一项纵向定性多案例研究，涉及 12 个团队，利用了 69 名成员在 6 个月内通过日记、访谈和调查收集的数据。我们的研究结果表明，团队和个人的需求和应对努力有时会发生冲突，从而导致不同层面上相反的幸福状态。我们将这种现象称为多层次幸福悖论。我们的团队多层次应对的新兴过程模型表明，当团队通过积极的团队反思建立对压力源和应对选项的共同评估，并采用与两个层面所经历的特定压力源相一致的应对方法时，团队就会蓬勃发展。这项研究通过阐明团队与个人福祉之间复杂的相互作用并强调这种关系的矛盾本质，增进了我们对团队应对的理解。