According to the definition adopted in the European Union, novel foods are foods that were not consumed to a significant degree within the Union before May 15, 1997. This includes cultivated meat and insects. Novel foods are meant to play a critical role in the transition towards sustainable food systems. However, their success depends on whether and to what extent they will be incorporated into the diets at the population level. This review investigates consumers’ perception of novel food products by narratively synthesising results on the influence of heuristics and biases triggered by emotions, personality traits, and socio-cultural factors. Empirical studies conducted in Western countries and published in English after 1997 were eligible, which led to 182 studies being included. Notably, most included studies focused on insects and cultivated meat. Disgust and fear are shown to be the main emotions driving rejection of novel foods, together with food neophobia and specific cultural norms common across countries included in the scope of the review. Familiarity with novel foods and curiosity both led to higher acceptance. Despite being investigated directly in a minority of studies, heuristics and related biases mostly fell under the “affect,” the “natural-is-better,” and the “trust” heuristics. The review also discusses to what extent consumers' perception reflects in the regulatory framework applicable to novel foods in the European Union, how it influences the regulation of insects and cultivated meat and which lessons can be drawn for the future of the regulatory framework.

中文翻译：

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消费者对新奇食品的看法以及启发法和偏见的影响：系统评价

根据欧盟采用的定义，新食品是指1997年5月15日之前在欧盟内没有大量消费的食品。其中包括养殖肉类和昆虫。新型食品旨在在向可持续粮食系统的过渡中发挥关键作用。然而，它们的成功取决于它们是否以及在多大程度上被纳入人口水平的饮食中。这篇综述通过叙述性综合关于情感、人格特质和社会文化因素引发的启发法和偏见的影响的结果，调查了消费者对新颖食品的看法。 1997年后在西方国家进行并以英文发表的实证研究符合资格，因此纳入了182项研究。值得注意的是，大多数纳入的研究都集中在昆虫和养殖肉类上。厌恶和恐惧被证明是导致拒绝新奇食品的主要情绪，此外还有食品新奇恐惧症和审查范围内各国常见的特定文化规范。对新奇食物的熟悉和好奇心都会导致更高的接受度。尽管在少数研究中进行了直接调查，启发法和相关偏见大多属于“影响”、“自然更好”和“信任”启发法。该审查还讨论了消费者的看法在多大程度上反映在适用于欧盟新食品的监管框架中，它如何影响昆虫和养殖肉类的监管，以及可以为监管框架的未来吸取哪些经验教训。