Roadways adjacent to a mining face are crucial for ensuring safe production, transportation, and the security of personnel. Nevertheless, the anchoring mechanisms and the integrity of the surrounding rock structures of these roadways have frequently been underestimated in mining endeavors. This study, using Xin'an Coal Mine in Gansu as an example, conducted an in-situ analysis of four anchoring methods to examine the axial force fluctuation characteristics and mechanisms of cable anchorage during coal mining. It was found that the lagged prestressed full-length anchorage demonstrated the most effective control. Subsequently, the study revealed the periodic subsidence phenomenon of roadway roofs on both sides of the working face, which is closely associated with periodic weighting. Based on monitoring results, the roadway roof was divided into three zones—’Peak Zone,’ ‘Valley Zone,’ and ‘Transition Zone’—using the periodic weighting intervals as units. Finally, the study employed a time-space detection method to observe the development pattern of roadway roof cracks and delamination during the coal mining cycle. The validation results indicated a low accuracy rate for this method. Additionally, the study discussed the applicable conditions for lagged prestressed full-length anchorage, measures to address roof subsidence in the ‘Peak Zone,’ and considerations for improving the time-space detection method. The research findings offer new insights into the impact of neighboring engineering disturbances on underground space engineering.

中文翻译：

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入口和锚杆技术的变化，基于长壁工作面现场监测的案例研究

工作面附近的巷道对于保障安全生产、运输和人员安全至关重要。然而，在采矿工作中，这些巷道的锚固机制和围岩结构的完整性经常被低估。本研究以甘肃新安煤矿为例，对四种锚固方法进行现场分析，探讨煤矿开采过程中锚索锚固轴力波动特征及机理。结果发现，滞后预应力全长锚具表现出最有效的控制。随后，研究揭示了工作面两侧巷道顶板的周期性沉降现象，该现象与周期性地重密切相关。根据监测结果，以周期权重区间为单位，将巷道顶板划分为“峰区”、“谷区”和“过渡区”三个区域。最后，研究采用时空检测方法，观测煤矿循环过程中巷道顶板裂缝和分层的发展规律。验证结果表明该方法的准确率较低。此外，研究还讨论了滞后预应力全长锚固的适用条件、解决“峰区”顶板沉降的措施以及改进时空检测方法的考虑。研究结果为邻近工程扰动对地下空间工程的影响提供了新的见解。