Diantimony trioxide (SbO) has been widely used in polyvinyl chloride leather (PVCL, PVC powder: plasticizer = 50 phr: 50 phr). However, the EU and the IARC have included it in the list of restricted substances. In response to these restrictions on SbO, this work developed a high flame retardant PVCL with reduced or no SbO content by introducing bismuth trioxide (BiO). The results showed that the horizontal burning rate of 1BiO/3SbO/PVCL decreased by 51.2% compared to that of 4SbO/PVCL. When the addition amount of BiO reached 6 phr, the horizontal burning rate of 6BiO/PVCL decreased by 20.5% compared to that of 4SbO/PVCL, which can achieve complete replacement of SbO. The improved flame retardancy can be primarily attributed to the flame retardant effect of BiO in PVCL foam layer. During combustion, BiO facilitated crosslinking and charring in the PVCL foam layer matrix, contributing to condensed phase flame retardancy. Additionally, it promoted the decomposition of the PVCL foam layer matrix, generating more HCl (g), thereby enhancing gas phase flame retardancy. This study has developed a high flame retardant PVCL through a simple method, which was expected to meet the application needs of the automotive interior materials.

中文翻译：

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三氧化二铋替代三氧化二锑获得高阻燃、低火焰传播速率的聚氯乙烯皮革

三氧化二锑（SbO）已广泛应用于聚氯乙烯皮革（PVCL，PVC粉：增塑剂=50phr：50phr）。然而，欧盟和国际癌症研究机构已将其列入限制物质清单。针对 SbO 的这些限制，本工作通过引入三氧化二铋 (BiO) 开发了一种降低 SbO 含量或不含 SbO 含量的高阻燃 PVCL。结果表明，1BiO/3SbO/PVCL的水平燃烧率较4SbO/PVCL降低了51.2%。当BiO的添加量达到6phr时，6BiO/PVCL的水平燃烧率比4SbO/PVCL降低了20.5%，可以实现SbO的完全替代。阻燃性的提高主要归因于PVCL泡沫层中Bi2O的阻燃作用。在燃烧过程中，Bi2O 促进 PVCL 泡沫层基质中的交联和炭化，有助于凝聚相阻燃。此外，它还促进PVCL泡沫层基体的分解，产生更多的HCl（g），从而增强气相阻燃性。本研究通过简单的方法开发出高阻燃PVCL，有望满足汽车内饰材料的应用需求。