Passive heat management technology holds significant promise in mitigating the fossil energy crisis. However, most current passive radiative cooling textiles merely reflect sunlight, causing unnecessary cooling in cold regions during winter and lacking dynamic control. Herein, we were inspired by chameleons to develop a temperature-sensitive passive heat management nanocomposite using a multi-layered assembly strategy. This nanocomposite consisted of the core layer of metal-coated fabric and the surface layer composed of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and organic temperature-variable material (OTM). When the nanocomposite contained 15 wt% OTM, the average reflectance in the cold (15 °C) and hot (30 °C) modes was 47.66% and 80.92%, respectively. Additionally, the average emissivity was found to be 91.64% and 91.31% in the cold and hot modes, respectively. Significantly, the nanocomposite demonstrated cyclic stability in multiple temperature response tests. In practical experiments, it effectively reduced the temperature within a car and a small wooden house model by 14.0 and 7.1 °C, respectively. Moreover, the nanocomposite facilitated the accelerated ice melting at a rate of 10.85 ± 0.3 g within 1 h. Additionally, the presence of a copper metal layer in the 15 wt% OTM nanocomposite was found to contribute to antimicrobial efficiencies of 56% and 38% against () and (), respectively. This nanocomposite possesses the potential to stimulate inventive designs in the forthcoming era of functional nanocomposites, owing to its dynamic radiative cooling, solar heating capabilities, and scalability.

中文翻译：

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仿生分级金属化热响应动态日间被动辐射冷却纳米复合材料

被动热管理技术在缓解化石能源危机方面具有重大前景。然而，目前被动辐射冷却纺织品大多仅反射太阳光，导致冬季寒冷地区不必要的降温，且缺乏动态控制。在这里，我们受到变色龙的启发，利用多层组装策略开发了一种温度敏感的被动热管理纳米复合材料。该纳米复合材料由金属涂层织物的芯层和由聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）、六方氮化硼（h-BN）和有机温变材料（OTM）组成的表层组成。当纳米复合材料含有 15 wt% OTM 时，冷（15 °C）和热（30 °C）模式下的平均反射率分别为 47.66% 和 80.92%。此外，冷模式和热模式下的平均发射率分别为 91.64% 和 91.31%。值得注意的是，纳米复合材料在多次温度响应测试中表现出循环稳定性。在实际实验中，它有效地将汽车和小木屋模型内的温度分别降低了14.0和7.1℃。此外，纳米复合材料在1小时内以10.85±0.3克的速度促进冰的加速融化。此外，发现 15 wt% OTM 纳米复合材料中存在铜金属层，对 () 和 () 的抗菌效率分别为 56% 和 38%。由于其动态辐射冷却、太阳能加热能力和可扩展性，这种纳米复合材料具有在即将到来的功能纳米复合材料时代激发创造性设计的潜力。