The facultative intracellular bacterium (.) may cause severe diseases in humans and animals. The control of listeriosis/ requires the concerted action of cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. In this regard, cell-intrinsic immunity of infected cells, activated by the immune responses, is crucial for the control and elimination intracellular . Both the immune response against and cell intrinsic pathogen control are critically regulated by post-translational modifications exerted by the host ubiquitin system and ubiquitin-like modifiers (Ubls). In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the role of the ubiquitin system and Ubls in listeriosis, as well as future directions of research.

中文翻译：

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李斯特菌病中单增李斯特菌和宿主泛素系统的交叉调节

兼性胞内细菌（.）可能会导致人类和动物的严重疾病。李斯特菌病的控制需要先天性和适应性免疫系统细胞的协同作用。在这方面，由免疫反应激活的受感染细胞的细胞内在免疫对于控制和消除细胞内的病毒至关重要。针对病原体的免疫反应和细胞内在病原体控制均受到宿主泛素系统和泛素样修饰物 (Ubls) 施加的翻译后修饰的严格调节。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了目前对泛素系统和 Ubls 在李斯特菌病中的作用的理解，以及未来的研究方向。